Pulik'la'
Yurok
Algic
Yurok (Pulik'la') is one of the two surviving members of the Algic family's "Ritwan" branch (the other being Wiyot, now extinct as L1 since 1962). The Algic family comprises Algonquian (~30 living languages of eastern/central North America), Wiyot, and Yurok — Yurok and Wiyot were spoken in northwestern California, vast distances from the main Algonquian homelands, posing one of the great puzzles of historical linguistics. Modern Yurok is an active language revitalization success story: tribal language programs, the Yurok Tribal Court (which conducts proceedings partly in Yurok), and the Hoopa Valley High School Yurok program produce ~50 young speakers. Linguistically, Yurok preserves classic Algic features (animate-inanimate noun gender, polysynthetic verbs) but shows considerable divergence from Algonquian.
Dónde se habla
20 palabras esenciales en Yurok
Agua
paaʼ
/paːʔ/
Fuego
meʼlonok
/meʔlonok/
Sol
woygey
/wojɡej/
Luna
tepoo
/tepoː/
Madre
nepuy
/nepuj/
Padre
nopew
/nopew/
Comer
kepoyi
/kepoji/
Beber
kewolepi
/kewolepi/
Amor
choʼomi
/tʃoʔomi/
Corazón
skoʼol
/skoʔol/
Árbol
kʼepoy
/kʼepoj/
Casa
kerwer
/kerwer/
Perro
chishʼah
/tʃiʃʔah/
Gato
putuy
/putuj/
Mano
mehl
/mehl/
Ojo
lekwsh
/lekwʃ/
Hola
aiy-yue-kwee
/aj-juːkweː/
Gracias
wokhlew
/wokʰlew/
Uno
kohchew
/kohtʃew/
Bueno
skuyahl
/skujahl/
Fuentes
Palabras comparadas
Comparado con lenguas Algic relacionadas
| Significado | Yurok | qʼeqchiʼ | Mixtepec Mixtec | mixteco | Nawat | Metlatónoc Mixtec | Wixarika |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agua | paaʼ /paːʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | ndute /nduteʔ/ | ndute /nduteʔ/ | at /at/ | ndute /nduteʔ/ | ha /ha/ |
| Fuego | meʼlonok /meʔlonok/ | xam /ʃam/ | ñu'u /ɲuʔu/ | ñu'u /ɲuʔu/ | tit /tit/ | ñu'un /ɲuʔun/ | tai /tai/ |
| Sol | woygey /wojɡej/ | saqʼe /saqʼe/ | nikan /nikan/ | nikandii /nikandiː/ | tunal /tunal/ | nikandii /nikandiː/ | tau /tau/ |
| Luna | tepoo /tepoː/ | poo /poː/ | yoo /joː/ | yoo /joː/ | metsti /metsti/ | yoo /joː/ | metsa /metsa/ |
| Madre | nepuy /nepuj/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | na'án /naʔán/ | na'án /naʔán/ | nan /nan/ | na'án /naʔán/ | nana /nana/ |
| Padre | nopew /nopew/ | yuwaʼ /juwaʔ/ | tatá /tatá/ | tatá /tatá/ | tat /tat/ | tatá /tatá/ | yawe /jawe/ |
| Comer | kepoyi /kepoji/ | taawaʼ /tawaʔ/ | kashi /kaʃi/ | kasi /kasi/ | takwa /takwa/ | kasi /kasi/ | kuye /kuje/ |
| Beber | kewolepi /kewolepi/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | kohó /koʔó/ | kohó /koʔó/ | ati /ati/ | kohó /koʔó/ | hi'eka /hiʔeka/ |
| Amor | choʼomi /tʃoʔomi/ | rahok /rahok/ | kúu ini /kúu iniʔ/ | kúu ini /kúu iniʔ/ | nesa /nesa/ | kunduu ini /kundúː iniʔ/ | kanenki /kanenki/ |
| Corazón | skoʼol /skoʔol/ | chʼoolej /tʃʼoːlej/ | ini /iniʔ/ | ini /iniʔ/ | yulu /julu/ | ini /iniʔ/ | iyari /ijari/ |
| Árbol | kʼepoy /kʼepoj/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | yutu /jutu/ | yutu /jutu/ | kwawit /kʷawit/ | itun /itun/ | kiyé /kije/ |
| Casa | kerwer /kerwer/ | ochoch /otʃotʃ/ | veʔe /veʔe/ | ve'e /βeʔe/ | kal /kal/ | ve'e /βeʔe/ | ki /ki/ |
| Perro | chishʼah /tʃiʃʔah/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | ina /ina/ | tina /tina/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | tina /tina/ | tsïkï /tsɨkɨ/ |
| Gato | putuy /putuj/ | mes /mes/ | vilú /vilú/ | vilú /βilú/ | mishin /miʃin/ | vilu /βilu/ | mitsu /mitsu/ |
| Mano | mehl /mehl/ | ruqʼ /ruqʼ/ | ndo'ó /ndoʔó/ | ndo'ó /ndoʔó/ | mey /mei/ | nda'a /ndaʔa/ | mama /mama/ |
| Ojo | lekwsh /lekwʃ/ | xnaqʼ ru /ʃnaqʼ ru/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | ish /iʃ/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | tukite /tukite/ |
| Hola | aiy-yue-kwee /aj-juːkweː/ | ma saʼ laachʼool /ma sa laːtʃʼoːl/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | sa'a /saʔa/ | kekuanenki /kekwanenki/ |
| Gracias | wokhlew /wokʰlew/ | bantyox /bantjoʃ/ | tachu'un /tatʃuʔun/ | tachu'un /tatʃuʔun/ | padiush /padjuʃ/ | tatu'un /tatuʔun/ | pa'iwakaitsie /paʔiwakaitsje/ |
| Uno | kohchew /kohtʃew/ | jun /hun/ | in /iʔn/ | in /iʔn/ | se /se/ | i'in /iʔin/ | xevi /ʃevi/ |
| Bueno | skuyahl /skujahl/ | us /us/ | vaha /vahaʔ/ | vate /βate/ | kwahli /kʷahli/ | vaha /vahaʔ/ | waxa /waʃa/ |
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