Diidxazá

Zapotec

Oto-Manguean (Zapotecan)

FamilyOto-Manguean (Zapotecan) Speakers~440K (macrolanguage) ScriptLatin CountriesMexico (Oaxaca) Official inMexico (national) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3zap

Zapotec (Diidxazá in the Isthmus variety) is an Oto-Manguean language complex of southern Mexico's Oaxaca region with ~440K speakers across 50+ varieties. The Zapotec civilization at Monte Albán (500 BCE-800 CE) was Mesoamerica's first city-state with hieroglyphic writing. Modern varieties are tonal and frequently have ejective consonants and complex aspect-mood verbal systems. The Isthmus Zapotec literary tradition flourished in the early 20th century with poet Andrés Henestrosa. Latin script with various community-specific orthographies.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Zapotec

Water

nisa

/nisa/

Fire

gi

/ɡi/

Sun

gubidxa

/ɡubidʒa/

Moon

beeu

/beːu/

Star

béleguí

/beleɡiʔ/

Mother

jñaa

/xɲaː/

Father

bixhoze

/biʃoze/

I

naa

/naːʔ/

You

liiʼ

/liːʔ/

Name

/la/

Eye

/lú/

Hand

na

/naʔ/

Heart

ladxi

/ladʒi/

Love

ranaxhii

/ɾanaʃiː/

Tree

yaga

/jaɡa/

House

lidxi

/lidʒi/

Dog

bi'cu'

/biʔkuʔ/

Cat

mistuu

/mistuː/

Eat

ro

/ɾo/

Drink

ge

/ɡe/

One

tobi

/tobi/

Two

chupa

/tʃupa/

Hello

padixhe

/padiʃe/

Thank you

xtiozenu

/ʃtjozenu/

Good

nazaaca

/nazaːka/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Oto-Manguean (Zapotecan) languages

Meaning ZapotecTlacolula ZapotecCayugaWixarikaTuluTamilMaithili
Water nisa /nisa/ nisi /nisi/ ohnekanos /ohnekanos/ ha /ha/ ನೀರ್ /niːɾ/ நீர் /niːɾ/ पानी /paːniː/
Fire gi /ɡi/ gui /ɡi/ ojistaʼ /odʒistaʔ/ tai /tai/ ತೂ /tuː/ தீ /tiː/ आगि /aːɡi/
Sun gubidxa /ɡubidʒa/ gubi /ɡubi/ gaehkwa /ɡaehkwa/ tau /tau/ ಸೂರ್ಯ /suːɾja/ சூரியன் /suːɾijan/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/
Moon beeu /beːu/ beuu /beːu/ sǫi:ya /sõːja/ metsa /metsa/ ತಿಂಗೊಳು /tiŋɡoɭu/ நிலா /nilaː/ चान /tʃaːn/
Star béleguí /beleɡiʔ/ béeld /beˀld/ otsihsdaʔ /otsihsdaʔ/ xurawe /ʃuˈrawe/ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ /nakʂat̪ra/ நட்சத்திரம் /naʈɕat̪t̪iɾam/ तारा /taːraː/
Mother jñaa /xɲaː/ xnan /ʃnan/ agniha /aɡniha/ nana /nana/ ಅಪ್ಪೆ /appe/ அம்மா /ammaː/ माय /maːj/
Father bixhoze /biʃoze/ xtad /ʃtad/ ha'nih /haʔnih/ yawe /jawe/ ಅಮ್ಮೆ /amːe/ அப்பா /appaː/ बाबू /baːbuː/
I naa /naːʔ/ naʼ /naʔ/ iːʔ /iːʔ/ nee /neː/ ಯಾನ್ /jaːnɯ/ நான் /naːn/ हम /ɦəm/
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