Odul aruu

Kolyma Yukaghir

Yukaghir

FamilyYukaghir Speakers~30 fluent ScriptCyrillic CountriesRussia Official inRussia (Sakha Republic — local, areas of compact residence) Vitalitycritically endangered ISO 639-3yux

Kolyma Yukaghir (Forest Yukaghir, autonymously Odul aruu) is one of two surviving members of the Yukaghir family of northeast Siberia, sister to Tundra Yukaghir (ykg). Both languages were once part of a larger Yukaghir-language continuum across the Russian Arctic, but the family has been reduced to ~30-50 fluent speakers per branch, concentrated in Nelemnoye village (Kolyma) and Andryushkino (Tundra). Linguistically, Kolyma Yukaghir preserves the Yukaghir typological pattern of focus marking on verbs, complex case system (~9 cases), and rich evidentiality. The 2010 census recorded 1,597 ethnic Kolyma Yukaghir but most are bilingual or L2 in Russian. UNESCO classifies critically endangered.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Kolyma Yukaghir

Water

оожии

/oːʒiː/

Fire

ло́чил

/lótʃil/

Sun

пугэ

/puɣe/

Moon

киндьэ

/kindʲe/

Star

эҥэзэтчх

/eŋezetʃχ/

Mother

эмэй

/emej/

Father

эчиэ

/etʃiə/

I

мэт

/met/

You

тэт

/tet/

Name

ню

/nʲuː/

Eye

ӈөбур

/ŋøbur/

Hand

нугэн

/nugen/

Heart

шубэжэ

/ʃubeʒe/

Love

анурэ

/anurə/

Tree

чалдьэ

/tʃaldʒe/

House

нумэ

/nume/

Dog

таҥжэ

/taŋʒe/

Cat

кошка

/koʂka/

Eat

чидиргэ-

/tʃidirɣe/

Drink

ӧгэйи-

/øɡejii/

One

иркэ

/irke/

Two

атахун

/ataːqun/

Hello

льуоркэн

/lʲuorken/

Thank you

пасьпе

/pasʲpe/

Good

амлур

/amlur/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Yukaghir languages

Meaning Kolyma YukaghirTundra YukaghirSelkupKetAltaiNenetsErzya
Water оожии /oːʒiː/ лавйэ /lawje/ ӱт /yt/ уьл /ulʲ/ суу /suː/ ӣд /iːd/ ведь /vedʲ/
Fire ло́чил /lótʃil/ лачил /latʃil/ тӱ /ty/ бок /bok/ от /ot/ ту /tu/ тол /tol/
Sun пугэ /puɣe/ пугэ /puɣe/ чэлы /tɕeːlɨ/ и /i/ кӱн /kyn/ хаер /xajer/ чи /tʃi/
Moon киндьэ /kindʲe/ киндьэ /kindʲe/ ариаа /ariaː/ ӄип /qip/ ай /aj/ ирий /irij/ ков /kov/
Star эҥэзэтчх /eŋezetʃχ/ ҥэзэтчх /ŋezetʃχ/ кыска /ˈkɨska/ ӄоʼ /qoʔ/ јылдыс /dʲɯlˈdɯs/ нумгы /numˈɡɨ/ теште /ˈtʲeʃtʲe/
Mother эмэй /emej/ эмэй /emej/ эма /ema/ ам /am/ эне /ene/ небя /nebja/ ава /ava/
Father эчиэ /etʃiə/ эчэ /etʃe/ ача /atʃa/ об /oːp/ ада /ada/ нися /nʲisʲa/ тетя /tʲetʲa/
I мэт /met/ мэт /met/ ман /man/ ат /aʔt/ мен /men/ мань /manʲ/ мон /mon/
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