Остыган ка

Ket

Yeniseian

FamilyYeniseian Speakers~150 (critically endangered) ScriptCyrillic CountriesRussia (Krasnoyarsk Krai) Official inNo (recognized minority) Vitalitycritically endangered ISO 639-3ket

Ket is the only surviving Yeniseian language, spoken by ~150 mostly elderly fluent speakers along the middle Yenisei River in Russia's Krasnoyarsk Krai — critically endangered. Edward Vajda's 2008 Dene-Yeniseian hypothesis links Yeniseian to Na-Dene languages of North America (Tlingit, Athabaskan), suggesting an ancient Beringian connection. Tonal (3 tones) and highly polysynthetic with circumfixal verbal morphology, its complex verb-driven alignment is better described as active than cleanly ergative-absolutive — unlike Chukchi, a classic ergative-absolutive Siberian language. Cyrillic-based orthography since the 1980s.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Ket

Water

уьл

/ulʲ/

Fire

бок

/bok/

Sun

и

/i/

Moon

ӄип

/qip/

Star

ӄоʼ

/qoʔ/

Mother

ам

/am/

Father

об

/oːp/

I

ат

/aʔt/

You

у

/uː/

Name

и

/iʔ/

Eye

де

/de/

Hand

тыр

/tɯr/

Heart

суӈ

/suŋ/

Love

синьси

/sinʲsi/

Tree

оксь

/oksʲ/

House

куьсь

/kusʲ/

Dog

тип

/tip/

Cat

кошка

/koʂka/

Eat

сьел

/sʲel/

Drink

уьлся

/ulʲsʲa/

One

ӄусь

/qusʲ/

Two

ын

/ɯːn/

Hello

торова

/torova/

Thank you

асьх

/asʲx/

Good

аӄта

/aqta/

Cuckoo

ӄоӄпунь

/qɔqˈpunʲ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Yeniseian languages

Meaning KetYughKolyma YukaghirNenetsEven (Lamut)MokshaErzya
Water уьл /ulʲ/ хур /xur/ оожии /oːʒiː/ ӣд /iːd/ мӯ /muː/ ведь /vedʲ/ ведь /vedʲ/
Fire бок /bok/ бок /bok/ ло́чил /lótʃil/ ту /tu/ тоог /toːɡ/ тол /tol/ тол /tol/
Sun и /i/ ыга /ɨɣa/ пугэ /puɣe/ хаер /xajer/ нөлтэн /nølten/ ши /ʃi/ чи /tʃi/
Moon ӄип /qip/ хып /xɨp/ киндьэ /kindʲe/ ирий /irij/ бяг /bjaɡ/ ков /kov/ ков /kov/
Star ӄоʼ /qoʔ/ алаӈ /alaŋ/ эҥэзэтчх /eŋezetʃχ/ нумгы /numˈɡɨ/ осикат /oˈsikat/ тяште /ˈtʲæʃtʲe/ теште /ˈtʲeʃtʲe/
Mother ам /am/ ам /am/ эмэй /emej/ небя /nebja/ эньэн /eɲen/ тядя /tʲadʲa/ ава /ava/
Father об /oːp/ оп /op/ эчиэ /etʃiə/ нися /nʲisʲa/ аман /aman/ аля /alʲa/ тетя /tʲetʲa/
I ат /aʔt/ ай /aj/ мэт /met/ мань /manʲ/ би /bi/ мон /mon/ мон /mon/
Page 1/4

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.