Wadul aruu
Tundra Yukaghir
Yukaghir (Tundra)
Tundra Yukaghir (Wadul aruu) is one of two surviving Yukaghir varieties (with Kolyma/Forest Yukaghir, yux). The Yukaghir family's genetic relationship to Uralic remains debated. Tundra Yukaghir has roughly 370 speakers along the Lower Kolyma River, predominantly in Andryushkino, with active language-revival efforts including school programs.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Tundra Yukaghir
Water
лавйэ
/lawje/
Fire
лачил
/latʃil/
Sun
пугэ
/puɣe/
Moon
кинидьэ
/kinidʲe/
Mother
эмэй
/emej/
Father
эчэ
/etʃe/
Eat
ленди-
/lendi/
Drink
ӧйрэ-
/øjre/
Love
—
/—/
Heart
сугудьэ
/suɡudʲe/
Tree
саал
/saːl/
House
нумэ
/nume/
Dog
лаамэ
/laːme/
Cat
кошка
/koʂka/
Hand
нэмэ
/neme/
Eye
ӈөбур
/ŋøbur/
Hello
—
/—/
Thank you
—
/—/
One
маархан
/maːrqan/
Good
амдур
/amdur/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Yukaghir (Tundra) languages
| Meaning | Tundra Yukaghir | Kolyma Yukaghir | Babuza (Favorlang) | Kuvi | Yugh | Kulon-Pazeh | Komba |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | лавйэ /lawje/ | оожии /oːʒiː/ | zalum /zalum/ | ēru /eːru/ | хур /xur/ | dalum /da.lum/ | to /to/ |
| Fire | лачил /latʃil/ | ло́чил /lót͡ʃil/ | apoi /apoi/ | nēsi /neːsi/ | бок /bok/ | hapuy /ha.puj/ | kʌrʌp /kʌɾʌp/ |
| Sun | пугэ /puɣe/ | пугэ /puɣe/ | — /—/ | vēla /ʋeːla/ | ыга /ɨɣa/ | rizax /ɾi.zax/ | mirâsiŋ /miɾɐsiŋ/ |
| Moon | кинидьэ /kinidʲe/ | киндьэ /kindʲe/ | zilias /siliəs/ | lēnʒu /leːnd͡ʒu/ | хып /xɨp/ | ilas /i.las/ | kain /kain/ |
| Mother | эмэй /emej/ | эмэй /emej/ | tina /tina/ | āva /aːʋa/ | ам /am/ | ina /i.na/ | mam /mam/ |
| Father | эчэ /etʃe/ | эчиэ /et͡ʃiə/ | tama /tama/ | bāva /baːʋa/ | оп /op/ | aba /a.ba/ | iwâ /iwɐ/ |
| Eat | ленди- /lendi/ | чидиргэ- /t͡ʃidirɣe/ | maan /maːn/ | tinba /tinba/ | фен /fen/ | mekan /mə.kan/ | ni- /ni/ |
| Drink | ӧйрэ- /øjre/ | ӧгэйи- /øɡejii/ | minum /minum/ | unba /unba/ | эт /et/ | mimaazip /mi.maː.zip/ | — /—/ |
| Love | — /—/ | чомолбэн /t͡ʃomolben/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Heart | сугудьэ /suɡudʲe/ | шубэжэ /ʃubeʒe/ | — /—/ | gunde /ɡunde/ | кутʼ /kutʼ/ | baga /ba.ɡa/ | kabiam /kabiam/ |
| Tree | саал /saːl/ | чалдьэ /t͡ʃald͡ʒe/ | kayu /kaju/ | mara /mara/ | ос /os/ | kahuy /ka.huj/ | nak /nak/ |
| House | нумэ /nume/ | нумэ /nume/ | ruma /ruma/ | illu /illu/ | хус /xus/ | xuma /xu.ma/ | — /—/ |
| Dog | лаамэ /laːme/ | таҥжэ /taŋʒe/ | asu /asu/ | nēyi /neːji/ | тʼип /tʼip/ | wazu /wa.zu/ | wau /wau/ |
| Cat | кошка /koʂka/ | кошка /koʂka/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Hand | нэмэ /neme/ | нэмэ /neme/ | rima /rima/ | key /kei̯/ | хы /xɨ/ | rima /ɾi.ma/ | bit /bit/ |
| Eye | ӈөбур /ŋøbur/ | ӈөбур /ŋøbur/ | macha /matʃa/ | kannu /kannu/ | ден /den/ | daurik /da.u.ɾik/ | si /si/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | льуоркэн /lʲuorken/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | пасьпе /pasʲpe/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| One | маархан /maːrqan/ | иркэ /irke/ | nata /nata/ | ōnte /oːnte/ | хуса /xusa/ | adang /a.daŋ/ | kânok /kɐnok/ |
| Good | амдур /amdur/ | амлур /amlur/ | — /—/ | nēha /neːha/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | âlipŋâ /ɐlipŋɐ/ |
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