Дюк
Yugh
Yeniseian (Southern)
Yugh (Sym Ket) was the southern sister of Ket, the last surviving Yeniseian language. It went extinct in the early 2000s after centuries of contact pressure along the Sym tributary of the Yenisei. Like Ket, Yugh featured tonal contrasts and an extraordinarily complex polysynthetic verb; Yeniseian itself is a putative outlier whose Dene-Yeniseian link to Na-Dené was proposed by Vajda (2010).
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Yugh
Water
хур
/xur/
Fire
бок
/bok/
Sun
ыга
/ɨɣa/
Moon
хып
/xɨp/
Star
алаӈ
/alaŋ/
Mother
ам
/am/
Father
оп
/op/
I
ай
/aj/
You
у
/uː/
Name
и
/iː/
Eye
ден
/den/
Hand
хы
/xɨ/
Heart
кутʼ
/kutʼ/
Love
—
/—/
Tree
ос
/os/
House
хус
/xus/
Dog
тʼип
/tʼip/
Cat
—
/—/
Eat
фен
/fen/
Drink
эт
/et/
One
хуса
/xusa/
Two
хынам
/xɨnam/
Hello
—
/—/
Thank you
—
/—/
Good
—
/—/
Cuckoo
χɔχpɨń
/χɔχpɨɲ/
Sources
- Werner, Heinrich (1997) Die ketische Sprache. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. (Yugh comparative data)
- Vajda, Edward J. (2010) "Yeniseian, Na-Dene, and Historical Linguistics." Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 5.
- Werner, Heinrich (2002) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
- Glottolog: Yugh
Words compared
Compared with related Yeniseian (Southern) languages
| Meaning | Yugh | Ket | Proto-Austronesian | Babuza (Favorlang) | Lardil | Proto-Koreanic | Taa (!Xóõ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | хур /xur/ | уьл /ulʲ/ | *daNum /daNum/ | zalum /zalum/ | kantha /kanθa/ | *mɨr /mɨr/ | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ |
| Fire | бок /bok/ | бок /bok/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ | apoi /apoi/ | jalul /dʒalul/ | *pɨr /pɨr/ | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ |
| Sun | ыга /ɨɣa/ | и /i/ | *waRi /waRi/ | — /—/ | thurara /θuɾaɾa/ | *hʌy /hʌy/ | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ |
| Moon | хып /xɨp/ | ӄип /qip/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ | zilias /siliəs/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | *tʌr /tʌr/ | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ |
| Star | алаӈ /alaŋ/ | ӄоʼ /qoʔ/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ | botto /botːo/ | kambin /kambin/ | *pyər /pyər/ | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ |
| Mother | ам /am/ | ам /am/ | *ina /ina/ | tina /tina/ | ngama /ŋama/ | *emi /emi/ | qáe /qae/ |
| Father | оп /op/ | об /oːp/ | *ama /ama/ | tama /tama/ | — /—/ | *api /api/ | a̰a /a̰a/ |
| I | ай /aj/ | ат /aʔt/ | *aku /aku/ | ka-ina /kaina/ | ngada /ŋada/ | *na /na/ | ń /ŋ̩/ |
| You | у /uː/ | у /uː/ | *iSu /iSu/ | ijo /ijo/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | *ne /ne/ | a /aː/ |
| Name | и /iː/ | и /iʔ/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ | naan /naːn/ | wangalk /waŋalk/ | — /—/ | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ |
| Eye | ден /den/ | де /de/ | *maCa /maCa/ | macha /matʃa/ | mela /mela/ | *nun /nun/ | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ |
| Hand | хы /xɨ/ | тыр /tɯr/ | *lima /lima/ | rima /rima/ | marra /maɾa/ | *son /son/ | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ |
| Heart | кутʼ /kutʼ/ | суӈ /suŋ/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | *mʌzʌm /mʌzʌm/ | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ |
| Love | — /—/ | синьси /sinʲsi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tree | ос /os/ | оксь /oksʲ/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ | kayu /kaju/ | tungal /tuŋal/ | *namʌk /namʌk/ | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ |
| House | хус /xus/ | куьсь /kusʲ/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ | ruma /ruma/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Dog | тʼип /tʼip/ | тип /tip/ | *asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | ngawu /ŋawu/ | — /—/ | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | кошка /koʂka/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Eat | фен /fen/ | сьел /sʲel/ | *kaen /kaen/ | maan /maːn/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | *mek- /mek-/ | ʼâã /ʔãː/ |
| Drink | эт /et/ | уьлся /ulʲsʲa/ | *inum /inum/ | minum /minum/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ |
| One | хуса /xusa/ | ӄусь /qusʲ/ | *isa /isa/ | nata /nata/ | kunngirr /kuŋŋir/ | *hʌnah /hʌnah/ | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ |
| Two | хынам /xɨnam/ | ын /ɯːn/ | *duSa /duSa/ | naroa /naroa/ | kiyarrng /kijaraŋ/ | *tur /tur/ | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | торова /torova/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | асьх /asʲx/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | — /—/ | аӄта /aqta/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cuckoo | χɔχpɨń /χɔχpɨɲ/ | ӄоӄпунь /qɔqˈpunʲ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
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