Дюк
Yugh
Yeniseian (Southern) · historical / hidden variety
Yugh (Sym Ket) was the southern sister of Ket, the last surviving Yeniseian language. It went extinct in the early 2000s after centuries of contact pressure along the Sym tributary of the Yenisei. Like Ket, Yugh featured tonal contrasts and an extraordinarily complex polysynthetic verb; Yeniseian itself is a putative outlier whose Dene-Yeniseian link to Na-Dené was proposed by Vajda (2010).
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Yugh
Water
хур
/xur/
Fire
бок
/bok/
Sun
ыга
/ɨɣa/
Moon
хып
/xɨp/
Mother
ам
/am/
Father
оп
/op/
Eat
фен
/fen/
Drink
эт
/et/
Love
—
/—/
Heart
кутʼ
/kutʼ/
Tree
ос
/os/
House
хус
/xus/
Dog
тʼип
/tʼip/
Cat
—
/—/
Hand
хы
/xɨ/
Eye
ден
/den/
Hello
—
/—/
Thank you
—
/—/
One
хуса
/xusa/
Good
—
/—/
Sources
- Werner, Heinrich (1997) Die ketische Sprache. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. (Yugh comparative data)
- Vajda, Edward J. (2010) "Yeniseian, Na-Dene, and Historical Linguistics." Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 5.
- Werner, Heinrich (2002) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
- Glottolog: Yugh
Words compared
Compared with related Yeniseian (Southern) languages
| Meaning | Yugh | Lardil | Babuza (Favorlang) | Kulon-Pazeh | Budukh | Matsés | Hattic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | хур /xur/ | kantha /kanθa/ | zalum /zalum/ | dalum /da.lum/ | хьед /ħed/ | mapi /maˈpi/ | — /—/ |
| Fire | бок /bok/ | jalul /d͡ʒalul/ | apoi /apoi/ | hapuy /ha.puj/ | цӏай /tsʼaj/ | tsibo /tsiˈbo/ | — /—/ |
| Sun | ыга /ɨɣa/ | thurara /θuɾaɾa/ | — /—/ | rizax /ɾi.zax/ | рагъ /raʁ/ | šëdo /ʂɨˈdo/ | eštan /ɛʃtan/ |
| Moon | хып /xɨp/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | zilias /siliəs/ | ilas /i.las/ | ваз /vaz/ | use /uˈse/ | kāp /kaːp/ |
| Mother | ам /am/ | ngama /ŋama/ | tina /tina/ | ina /i.na/ | баб /bab/ | ëna /ɨˈna/ | ana /ana/ |
| Father | оп /op/ | — /—/ | tama /tama/ | aba /a.ba/ | дада /dada/ | papa /paˈpa/ | pap /pap/ |
| Eat | фен /fen/ | jitha /d͡ʒiθa/ | maan /maːn/ | mekan /mə.kan/ | ухьун /uħun/ | pe- /pe/ | — /—/ |
| Drink | эт /et/ | — /—/ | minum /minum/ | mimaazip /mi.maː.zip/ | эджи /edʒi/ | ak- /ak/ | — /—/ |
| Love | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Heart | кутʼ /kutʼ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | baga /ba.ɡa/ | юкӏ /jukʼ/ | šobi /ʂoˈbi/ | pina /pina/ |
| Tree | ос /os/ | tungal /tuŋal/ | kayu /kaju/ | kahuy /ka.huj/ | тар /tar/ | mado /maˈdo/ | — /—/ |
| House | хус /xus/ | — /—/ | ruma /ruma/ | xuma /xu.ma/ | кӏул /kʼul/ | šobo /ʂoˈbo/ | wel /wɛl/ |
| Dog | тʼип /tʼip/ | ngawu /ŋawu/ | asu /asu/ | wazu /wa.zu/ | хвар /χʷar/ | opa /oˈpa/ | — /—/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Hand | хы /xɨ/ | marra /maɾa/ | rima /rima/ | rima /ɾi.ma/ | кул /kul/ | mëbi /mɨˈbi/ | — /—/ |
| Eye | ден /den/ | mela /mela/ | macha /matʃa/ | daurik /da.u.ɾik/ | ул /ul/ | bëdi /bɨˈdi/ | — /—/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | салам /salam/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| One | хуса /xusa/ | kunngirr /kuŋŋir/ | nata /nata/ | adang /a.daŋ/ | са /sa/ | pazë /paˈzɨ/ | — /—/ |
| Good | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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