Дюк

Yugh

Yeniseian (Southern)

FamilyYeniseian (Southern) SpeakersExtinct (last L1 speaker died early 2000s) ScriptCyrillic (rarely written; mostly transcribed) CountriesRussia (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Sym & Yenisei rivers) Official inNo ISO 639-3yug Glottocodeyugh1240

Yugh (Sym Ket) was the southern sister of Ket, the last surviving Yeniseian language. It went extinct in the early 2000s after centuries of contact pressure along the Sym tributary of the Yenisei. Like Ket, Yugh featured tonal contrasts and an extraordinarily complex polysynthetic verb; Yeniseian itself is a putative outlier whose Dene-Yeniseian link to Na-Dené was proposed by Vajda (2010).

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Yugh

Water

хур

/xur/

Fire

бок

/bok/

Sun

ыга

/ɨɣa/

Moon

хып

/xɨp/

Star

алаӈ

/alaŋ/

Mother

ам

/am/

Father

оп

/op/

I

ай

/aj/

You

у

/uː/

Name

и

/iː/

Eye

ден

/den/

Hand

хы

/xɨ/

Heart

кутʼ

/kutʼ/

Love

/—/

Tree

ос

/os/

House

хус

/xus/

Dog

тʼип

/tʼip/

Cat

/—/

Eat

фен

/fen/

Drink

эт

/et/

One

хуса

/xusa/

Two

хынам

/xɨnam/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

Good

/—/

Cuckoo

χɔχpɨń

/χɔχpɨɲ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Yeniseian (Southern) languages

Meaning YughKetProto-AustronesianBabuza (Favorlang)LardilProto-KoreanicTaa (!Xóõ)
Water хур /xur/ уьл /ulʲ/ *daNum /daNum/ zalum /zalum/ kantha /kanθa/ *mɨr /mɨr/ ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/
Fire бок /bok/ бок /bok/ *Sapuy /Sapuy/ apoi /apoi/ jalul /dʒalul/ *pɨr /pɨr/ ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/
Sun ыга /ɨɣa/ и /i/ *waRi /waRi/ /—/ thurara /θuɾaɾa/ *hʌy /hʌy/ ǁʼân /ǁʼã/
Moon хып /xɨp/ ӄип /qip/ *bulaN /bulaN/ zilias /siliəs/ kirdikir /kiɖikir/ *tʌr /tʌr/ ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/
Star алаӈ /alaŋ/ ӄоʼ /qoʔ/ *bituqen /bituqen/ botto /botːo/ kambin /kambin/ *pyər /pyər/ ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/
Mother ам /am/ ам /am/ *ina /ina/ tina /tina/ ngama /ŋama/ *emi /emi/ qáe /qae/
Father оп /op/ об /oːp/ *ama /ama/ tama /tama/ /—/ *api /api/ a̰a /a̰a/
I ай /aj/ ат /aʔt/ *aku /aku/ ka-ina /kaina/ ngada /ŋada/ *na /na/ ń /ŋ̩/
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