Дюк

Yugh

Yeniseian (Southern) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyYeniseian (Southern) SpeakersExtinct (last L1 speaker died early 2000s) ScriptCyrillic (rarely written; mostly transcribed) CountriesRussia (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Sym & Yenisei rivers) Official inNo ISO 639-3yug Glottocodeyugh1240

Yugh (Sym Ket) was the southern sister of Ket, the last surviving Yeniseian language. It went extinct in the early 2000s after centuries of contact pressure along the Sym tributary of the Yenisei. Like Ket, Yugh featured tonal contrasts and an extraordinarily complex polysynthetic verb; Yeniseian itself is a putative outlier whose Dene-Yeniseian link to Na-Dené was proposed by Vajda (2010).

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Yugh

Water

хур

/xur/

Fire

бок

/bok/

Sun

ыга

/ɨɣa/

Moon

хып

/xɨp/

Mother

ам

/am/

Father

оп

/op/

Eat

фен

/fen/

Drink

эт

/et/

Love

/—/

Heart

кутʼ

/kutʼ/

Tree

ос

/os/

House

хус

/xus/

Dog

тʼип

/tʼip/

Cat

/—/

Hand

хы

/xɨ/

Eye

ден

/den/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

One

хуса

/xusa/

Good

/—/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Yeniseian (Southern) languages

Meaning YughLardilBabuza (Favorlang)Kulon-PazehBudukhMatsésHattic
Water хур /xur/ kantha /kanθa/ zalum /zalum/ dalum /da.lum/ хьед /ħed/ mapi /maˈpi/ /—/
Fire бок /bok/ jalul /d͡ʒalul/ apoi /apoi/ hapuy /ha.puj/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ tsibo /tsiˈbo/ /—/
Sun ыга /ɨɣa/ thurara /θuɾaɾa/ /—/ rizax /ɾi.zax/ рагъ /raʁ/ šëdo /ʂɨˈdo/ eštan /ɛʃtan/
Moon хып /xɨp/ kirdikir /kiɖikir/ zilias /siliəs/ ilas /i.las/ ваз /vaz/ use /uˈse/ kāp /kaːp/
Mother ам /am/ ngama /ŋama/ tina /tina/ ina /i.na/ баб /bab/ ëna /ɨˈna/ ana /ana/
Father оп /op/ /—/ tama /tama/ aba /a.ba/ дада /dada/ papa /paˈpa/ pap /pap/
Eat фен /fen/ jitha /d͡ʒiθa/ maan /maːn/ mekan /mə.kan/ ухьун /uħun/ pe- /pe/ /—/
Drink эт /et/ /—/ minum /minum/ mimaazip /mi.maː.zip/ эджи /edʒi/ ak- /ak/ /—/
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