𒄩𒌨𒊑𒇷

Hurrian

Hurro-Urartian (separate from IE/Semitic) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyHurro-Urartian (separate from IE/Semitic) SpeakersExtinct (~2300-1000 BCE) ScriptCuneiform CountriesMitanni and northern Mesopotamia (modern N Iraq, Syria, SE Turkey) Official inMitanni kingdom Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3xhu

Hurrian was a major Near Eastern language of the 3rd-2nd millennia BCE, used as the lingua franca of the Mitanni kingdom and known from cuneiform tablets at Yorgan Tepe (Nuzi), Bogazköy, and elsewhere. Together with Urartian (a sister language), it forms the Hurro-Urartian family, with no proven relations to other languages — possibly a Caucasian connection has been proposed.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Hurrian

Water

𒅆𒂊

/ʃie/

Fire

𒋫𒌅

/tatu/

Sun

𒅆𒈨𒄀

/ʃimeɡi/

Moon

𒆪𒋢𒄴

/kuʃuh/

Mother

𒂊𒈾

/ena/

Father

𒀜𒋫𒀀𒄿

/attai/

Eat

𒄠

/am/

Drink

𒈾𒄴𒉿

/nahw/

Love

𒋫𒁺

/tadu/

Heart

𒋾𒊭

/tiʃa/

Tree

𒋫𒁉

/tappi/

House

𒅁𒊑

/ipri/

Dog

𒅕𒈠

/irma/

Cat

𒊭𒉿𒍣

/ʃawazi/

Hand

𒋗𒉌

/ʃuni/

Eye

𒅆𒉌

/ʃini/

Hello

𒄭𒇻

/hilːu/

Thank you

𒀀𒅆

/aʃi/

One

𒊭

/ʃa/

Good

𒀀𒍣

/aʦi/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Hurro-Urartian (separate from IE/Semitic) languages

Meaning HurrianTangkhul NagaSumerianIbanGilberteseMandaicDargwa
Water 𒅆𒂊 /ʃie/ ze /ze/ 𒀀 /a/ ai /ai/ ran /ɾan/ ࡌࡉࡀ /mia/ шин /ʃin/
Fire 𒋫𒌅 /tatu/ mei /mei/ 𒉈 /izi/ api /api/ ai /ai/ ࡍࡅࡓࡀ /nura/ цӏа /tsʼa/
Sun 𒅆𒈨𒄀 /ʃimeɡi/ nyithui /ɲitʰui/ 𒌓 /utu/ mata-ari /mataari/ tai /tai/ ࡔࡀࡌࡔࡀ /ʃamʃa/ берхӏи /beɾħi/
Moon 𒆪𒋢𒄴 /kuʃuh/ lai /lai/ 𒌗 /itud/ bulan /bulan/ namwakaina /namʷakaina/ ࡎࡉࡓࡀ /sira/ баз /baz/
Mother 𒂊𒈾 /ena/ ina /ina/ 𒂼 /ama/ indai /indai/ tinau /tinau/ ࡀࡌࡀ /ama/ нес /nes/
Father 𒀜𒋫𒀀𒄿 /attai/ apa /apa/ 𒀀𒁀 /abːa/ apai /apai/ tamau /tamau/ ࡀࡁࡀ /aba/ атта /atːa/
Eat 𒄠 /am/ ngui /ŋui/ 𒅥 /ɡu/ makai /makai/ amwarake /amʷaɾake/ ࡀࡊࡀࡋ /akal/ букӏан /bukʼan/
Drink 𒈾𒄴𒉿 /nahw/ rai /rai/ 𒅘 /naŋ/ ngirup /ŋirup/ nima /nima/ ࡔࡕࡀ /ʃta/ даркьес /daɾqʼes/
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