Pazeh

Kulon-Pazeh

Austronesian (Formosan, Western Plains)

FamilyAustronesian (Formosan, Western Plains) SpeakersDormant (~0 L1; last L1 speaker Pan Jin-yu died 2010); revival efforts ScriptLatin (revival orthography) CountriesTaiwan (Puli, Nantou; Miaoli) Official inNo (recognized as Plains Aboriginal heritage language; not among 16 officially recognized Taiwanese Indigenous languages) ISO 639-3uun Glottocodekulo1237

Kulon-Pazeh is a dormant Formosan language of the Western Plains group, spoken in central Taiwan around Puli (Nantou). Its last fully fluent L1 speaker, Pan Jin-yu, died in 2010 at age 96; community-led revival efforts continue. Notable for retaining the Proto-Austronesian alveolar/retroflex contrast and a productive Ca-reduplication pattern.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Kulon-Pazeh

Water

dalum

/da.lum/

Fire

hapuy

/ha.puj/

Sun

rizax

/ɾi.zax/

Moon

ilas

/i.las/

Mother

ina

/i.na/

Father

aba

/a.ba/

Eat

mekan

/mə.kan/

Drink

mimaazip

/mi.maː.zip/

Love

/—/

Heart

baga

/ba.ɡa/

Tree

kahuy

/ka.huj/

House

xuma

/xu.ma/

Dog

wazu

/wa.zu/

Cat

/—/

Hand

rima

/ɾi.ma/

Eye

daurik

/da.u.ɾik/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

One

adang

/a.daŋ/

Good

/—/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian (Formosan, Western Plains) languages

Meaning Kulon-PazehBabuza (Favorlang)KavalanAndiKusundaPyuMatsés
Water dalum /da.lum/ zalum /zalum/ zanum /zaˈnum/ лъен /ɬen/ tang /tɑŋ/ ʔuy /uj/ mapi /maˈpi/
Fire hapuy /ha.puj/ apoi /apoi/ ramax /raˈmax/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ yu /ju/ vyaŋ /wjaŋ/ tsibo /tsiˈbo/
Sun rizax /ɾi.zax/ /—/ siban /siˈban/ миллӏи /milːi/ nəm /nəm/ ño /ɲo/ šëdo /ʂɨˈdo/
Moon ilas /i.las/ zilias /siliəs/ buran /buˈran/ борцӏцӏо /bortsʼːo/ pom /pom/ hla /hla/ use /uˈse/
Mother ina /i.na/ tina /tina/ tina /ˈtina/ ила /ila/ /—/ na /na/ ëna /ɨˈna/
Father aba /a.ba/ tama /tama/ tama /ˈtama/ има /ima/ ama /ama/ paʔ /paʔ/ papa /paˈpa/
Eat mekan /mə.kan/ maan /maːn/ quman /quˈman/ икъвин /iqʷːin/ təim /təim/ cyaʔ /tɕaʔ/ pe- /pe/
Drink mimaazip /mi.maː.zip/ minum /minum/ mimum /miˈmum/ игьин /iɣin/ /—/ /—/ ak- /ak/
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