Pazeh
Kulon-Pazeh
Austronesian (Formosan, Western Plains)
Kulon-Pazeh is a dormant Formosan language of the Western Plains group, spoken in central Taiwan around Puli (Nantou). Its last fully fluent L1 speaker, Pan Jin-yu, died in 2010 at age 96; community-led revival efforts continue. Notable for retaining the Proto-Austronesian alveolar/retroflex contrast and a productive Ca-reduplication pattern.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Kulon-Pazeh
Water
dalum
/da.lum/
Fire
hapuy
/ha.puj/
Sun
rizax
/ɾi.zax/
Moon
ilas
/i.las/
Mother
ina
/i.na/
Father
aba
/a.ba/
Eat
mekan
/mə.kan/
Drink
mimaazip
/mi.maː.zip/
Love
—
/—/
Heart
baga
/ba.ɡa/
Tree
kahuy
/ka.huj/
House
xuma
/xu.ma/
Dog
wazu
/wa.zu/
Cat
—
/—/
Hand
rima
/ɾi.ma/
Eye
daurik
/da.u.ɾik/
Hello
—
/—/
Thank you
—
/—/
One
adang
/a.daŋ/
Good
—
/—/
Sources
- Li, Paul Jen-kuei & Shigeru Tsuchida (2001/2002) Pazih Dictionary. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei.
- Li, Paul Jen-kuei & Shigeru Tsuchida (2002) Pazih Texts and Songs. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
- Lin Ying-chin (2000) A Reference Grammar of Pazih. Academia Sinica.
- Glottolog: Kulon-Pazeh
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Formosan, Western Plains) languages
| Meaning | Kulon-Pazeh | Babuza (Favorlang) | Kavalan | Andi | Kusunda | Pyu | Matsés |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | dalum /da.lum/ | zalum /zalum/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | лъен /ɬen/ | tang /tɑŋ/ | ʔuy /uj/ | mapi /maˈpi/ |
| Fire | hapuy /ha.puj/ | apoi /apoi/ | ramax /raˈmax/ | цӏай /tsʼaj/ | yu /ju/ | vyaŋ /wjaŋ/ | tsibo /tsiˈbo/ |
| Sun | rizax /ɾi.zax/ | — /—/ | siban /siˈban/ | миллӏи /milːi/ | nəm /nəm/ | ño /ɲo/ | šëdo /ʂɨˈdo/ |
| Moon | ilas /i.las/ | zilias /siliəs/ | buran /buˈran/ | борцӏцӏо /bortsʼːo/ | pom /pom/ | hla /hla/ | use /uˈse/ |
| Mother | ina /i.na/ | tina /tina/ | tina /ˈtina/ | ила /ila/ | — /—/ | na /na/ | ëna /ɨˈna/ |
| Father | aba /a.ba/ | tama /tama/ | tama /ˈtama/ | има /ima/ | ama /ama/ | paʔ /paʔ/ | papa /paˈpa/ |
| Eat | mekan /mə.kan/ | maan /maːn/ | quman /quˈman/ | икъвин /iqʷːin/ | təim /təim/ | cyaʔ /tɕaʔ/ | pe- /pe/ |
| Drink | mimaazip /mi.maː.zip/ | minum /minum/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | игьин /iɣin/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ak- /ak/ |
| Love | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Heart | baga /ba.ɡa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | рокӏо /rokʼo/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | šobi /ʂoˈbi/ |
| Tree | kahuy /ka.huj/ | kayu /kaju/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | рикьва /riqʷːa/ | cigi /t͡siɡi/ | siŋ /siŋ/ | mado /maˈdo/ |
| House | xuma /xu.ma/ | ruma /ruma/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | хъоро /qʼoro/ | gepa /ɡepa/ | vaiŋ /waiŋ/ | šobo /ʂoˈbo/ |
| Dog | wazu /wa.zu/ | asu /asu/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | хвай /χʷaj/ | agəi /aɡəi/ | kwiy /kwij/ | opa /oˈpa/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | — /—/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Hand | rima /ɾi.ma/ | rima /rima/ | rima /riˈma/ | рекьа /rekʼa/ | gisi /ɡisi/ | lak /lak/ | mëbi /mɨˈbi/ |
| Eye | daurik /da.u.ɾik/ | macha /matʃa/ | mata /maˈta/ | гьаркӏо /haɾkʼo/ | gam /ɡam/ | mik /mik/ | bëdi /bɨˈdi/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| One | adang /a.daŋ/ | nata /nata/ | issa /ˈissa/ | цеб /tseb/ | nu /nu/ | te /te/ | pazë /paˈzɨ/ |
| Good | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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