татар теле

Tatar

Turkic (Kipchak)

FamilyTurkic (Kipchak) Speakers~5M ScriptCyrillic / Latin (in use abroad) CountriesRussia (Tatarstan, Bashkortostan), diaspora Official inRepublic of Tatarstan Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tat

Tatar (Татар теле / Tatar tele) is the largest Turkic language of Russia (after Russian's national dominance), with ~5M speakers across the Republic of Tatarstan (capital Kazan), Bashkortostan, and Russian-Tatar diaspora communities (Crimea, Lithuania, Finland, Turkey, China). Co-official with Russian in the Republic of Tatarstan (1992 constitution). Kipchak-Bulgar Turkic with 9 vowels in a front/back-rounded harmony system, and unique phonemes (rounded front /ɵ/, back /ɤ/) that drove a 1990s Tatarstan push for Latin orthography (defeated by 2002 federal law mandating Cyrillic for state languages of Russia). Cyrillic-based orthography since 1939 (with Yañalif Latin 1928-39 and earlier İske imlâ Arabic-derived). Volga literary tradition since the 13th-c. Qol Ghali poem Qissai Yusuf, with the Tatar Renaissance (Cədid movement) of the late 19th-early 20th c.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Tatar

Water

су

/su/

Fire

ут

/ut/

Sun

кояш

/qojaʃ/

Moon

ай

/aj/

Star

йолдыз

/jʊɫˈdɤz/

Mother

әни

/æni/

Father

әти

/æti/

I

мин

/min/

You

син

/sin/

Name

исем

/iˈsem/

Eye

күз

/kyz/

Hand

кул

/qul/

Heart

йөрәк

/jøræk/

Love

сөю

/søjy/

Tree

агач

/aɣatɕ/

House

өй

/øj/

Dog

эт

/et/

Cat

песи

/pesi/

Eat

ашау

/aʃaw/

Drink

эчү

/etɕy/

One

бер

/ber/

Two

ике

/iˈke/

Hello

исәнмесез

/isænmesez/

Thank you

рәхмәт

/ræxmæt/

Good

яхшы

/jaχʃɯ/

Cuckoo

кәккүк

/kækˈkyk/

Computer

компьютер

/kɐmˈpjuter/

Sushi

суши

/suˈʃi/

Dopamine

Дофамин

/dofaˈmin/

Words compared

Compared with related Turkic (Kipchak) languages

Meaning TatarBashkirUyghurKumykNogaiCrimean TatarUzbek
Water су /su/ һыу /hɯw/ سۇ /su/ сув /suv/ сув /suv/ suv /suv/ suv /suv/
Fire ут /ut/ ут /ut/ ئوت /ot/ от /ot/ от /ot/ ateş /ateʃ/ olov /ɒlɒv/
Sun кояш /qojaʃ/ ҡояш /qojaʃ/ قۇياش /qujɑʃ/ гюн /ɡyn/ күн /kyn/ küneş /kyneʃ/ quyosh /qujɒʃ/
Moon ай /aj/ ай /aj/ ئاي /ɑj/ ай /aj/ ай /aj/ ay /aj/ oy /ɒj/
Star йолдыз /jʊɫˈdɤz/ йондоҙ /jʊnˈdʊð/ يۇلتۇز /julˈtuz/ юлдуз /julduz/ юлдыз /juldɯz/ yıldız /jɯɫˈdɯz/ yulduz /julˈduz/
Mother әни /æni/ әсәй /æsæj/ ئانا /ɑnɑ/ ана /ana/ ана /ana/ ana /ana/ ona /ɒnɑ/
Father әти /æti/ атай /ataj/ ئاتا /ɑtɑ/ ата /ata/ атай /ataj/ baba /baba/ ota /ɒtɑ/
I мин /min/ мин /min/ مەن /mæn/ мен /men/ мен /men/ men /men/ men /men/
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