татар теле
Tatar
Turkic (Kipchak)
Tatar (Татар теле / Tatar tele) is the largest Turkic language of Russia (after Russian's national dominance), with ~5M speakers across the Republic of Tatarstan (capital Kazan), Bashkortostan, and Russian-Tatar diaspora communities (Crimea, Lithuania, Finland, Turkey, China). Co-official with Russian in the Republic of Tatarstan (1992 constitution). Kipchak-Bulgar Turkic with 9 vowels in a front/back-rounded harmony system, and unique phonemes (rounded front /ɵ/, back /ɤ/) that drove a 1990s Tatarstan push for Latin orthography (defeated by 2002 federal law mandating Cyrillic for state languages of Russia). Cyrillic-based orthography since 1939 (with Yañalif Latin 1928-39 and earlier İske imlâ Arabic-derived). Volga literary tradition since the 13th-c. Qol Ghali poem Qissai Yusuf, with the Tatar Renaissance (Cədid movement) of the late 19th-early 20th c.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Tatar
Water
су
/su/
Fire
ут
/ut/
Sun
кояш
/qojaʃ/
Moon
ай
/aj/
Mother
әни
/æni/
Father
әти
/æti/
Eat
ашау
/aʃaw/
Drink
эчү
/etɕy/
Love
сөю
/søjy/
Heart
йөрәк
/jøræk/
Tree
агач
/aɣatɕ/
House
өй
/øj/
Dog
эт
/et/
Cat
песи
/pesi/
Hand
кул
/qul/
Eye
күз
/kyz/
Hello
исәнмесез
/isænmesez/
Thank you
рәхмәт
/ræxmæt/
One
бер
/ber/
Good
яхшы
/jaχʃɯ/
Words compared
Compared with related Turkic (Kipchak) languages
| Meaning | Tatar | Bashkir | Kumyk | Karakhanid | Uyghur | Nogai | South Azerbaijani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | су /su/ | һыу /hɯw/ | сув /suv/ | suw /suw/ | سۇ /su/ | сув /suv/ | سو /su/ |
| Fire | ут /ut/ | ут /ut/ | от /ot/ | ot /ot/ | ئوت /ot/ | от /ot/ | اوْد /od/ |
| Sun | кояш /qojaʃ/ | ҡояш /qojaʃ/ | гюн /ɡyn/ | kün /kyn/ | قۇياش /qujɑʃ/ | күн /kyn/ | گۆنش /ɡyneʃ/ |
| Moon | ай /aj/ | ай /aj/ | ай /aj/ | ay /aj/ | ئاي /ɑj/ | ай /aj/ | آی /aj/ |
| Mother | әни /æni/ | әсәй /æsæj/ | ана /ana/ | ana /ana/ | ئانا /ɑnɑ/ | ана /ana/ | آنا /ana/ |
| Father | әти /æti/ | атай /ataj/ | ата /ata/ | ata /ata/ | ئاتا /ɑtɑ/ | атай /ataj/ | آتا /ata/ |
| Eat | ашау /aʃaw/ | ашау /aʃaw/ | ашамакъ /aʃamaq/ | yi- /ji/ | يېمەك /jemɛk/ | аш /aʃ/ | یئمک /jemæk/ |
| Drink | эчү /etɕy/ | эсеү /esey/ | ичмек /itʃmek/ | ič- /itʃ/ | ئىچمەك /itʃmɛk/ | иш /iʃ/ | ایچمک /itʃmæk/ |
| Love | сөю /søjy/ | яратыу /jaratɯw/ | сюйюв /syjyv/ | sevgü /sevɡy/ | مۇھەببەت /muhɛbbɛt/ | суьюв /syjyv/ | سئوگی /sevɡi/ |
| Heart | йөрәк /jøræk/ | йөрәк /jøræk/ | юрек /jyrek/ | yürek /jyrek/ | يۈرەك /jyɾɛk/ | юрек /jyrek/ | اۆرک /yræk/ |
| Tree | агач /aɣatɕ/ | ағас /aɣas/ | терек /terek/ | ığač /ɯɣatʃ/ | دەرەخ /dɛɾɛx/ | терек /terek/ | آغاج /ɑɣɑdʒ/ |
| House | өй /øj/ | өй /øj/ | уьй /yj/ | ev /ev/ | ئۆي /øj/ | уьй /yj/ | ائو /ev/ |
| Dog | эт /et/ | эт /et/ | ит /it/ | it /it/ | ئىت /it/ | ит /it/ | ایت /it/ |
| Cat | песи /pesi/ | бесәй /besæj/ | мишик /miʃik/ | piši /piʃi/ | مۈشۈك /myʃyk/ | мысык /məsəq/ | پیشیک /piʃik/ |
| Hand | кул /qul/ | ҡул /qul/ | къол /qol/ | qol /qol/ | قول /qol/ | къол /qol/ | اَل /æl/ |
| Eye | күз /kyz/ | күҙ /kyð/ | гёз /ɡøz/ | köz /køz/ | كۆز /køz/ | коьз /køz/ | گؤز /ɡøz/ |
| Hello | исәнмесез /isænmesez/ | һаумыһығыҙ /hawmɯhɯɣɯð/ | ассаламу алейкум /asːalamu alejkum/ | salām /salaːm/ | ئەسسالامۇ ئەلەيكۇم /ɛssɑlɑmu ɛlɛjkum/ | ассаламу алейкум /asːalamu alejkum/ | سلام /sælam/ |
| Thank you | рәхмәт /ræxmæt/ | рәхмәт /ræxmæt/ | савбол /savbol/ | tabug /tabuɡ/ | رەھمەت /ɾɛhmɛt/ | сав бол /sav bol/ | ساغ اول /saɣ ol/ |
| One | бер /ber/ | бер /ber/ | бир /bir/ | bir /bir/ | بىر /bir/ | бир /bir/ | بیر /bir/ |
| Good | яхшы /jaχʃɯ/ | яҡшы /jaqʃɯ/ | яхшы /jaχʃə/ | yaqšı /jaqʃɯ/ | ياخشى /jɑxʃi/ | яксы /jaksə/ | یاخشی /jaxʃɯ/ |
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