татар теле

Tatar

Turkic (Kipchak)

FamilyTurkic (Kipchak) Speakers~5M ScriptCyrillic / Latin (in use abroad) CountriesRussia (Tatarstan, Bashkortostan), diaspora Official inRepublic of Tatarstan Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tat

Tatar (Татар теле / Tatar tele) is the largest Turkic language of Russia (after Russian's national dominance), with ~5M speakers across the Republic of Tatarstan (capital Kazan), Bashkortostan, and Russian-Tatar diaspora communities (Crimea, Lithuania, Finland, Turkey, China). Co-official with Russian in the Republic of Tatarstan (1992 constitution). Kipchak-Bulgar Turkic with 9 vowels in a front/back-rounded harmony system, and unique phonemes (rounded front /ɵ/, back /ɤ/) that drove a 1990s Tatarstan push for Latin orthography (defeated by 2002 federal law mandating Cyrillic for state languages of Russia). Cyrillic-based orthography since 1939 (with Yañalif Latin 1928-39 and earlier İske imlâ Arabic-derived). Volga literary tradition since the 13th-c. Qol Ghali poem Qissai Yusuf, with the Tatar Renaissance (Cədid movement) of the late 19th-early 20th c.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Tatar

Water

су

/su/

Fire

ут

/ut/

Sun

кояш

/qojaʃ/

Moon

ай

/aj/

Mother

әни

/æni/

Father

әти

/æti/

Eat

ашау

/aʃaw/

Drink

эчү

/etɕy/

Love

сөю

/søjy/

Heart

йөрәк

/jøræk/

Tree

агач

/aɣatɕ/

House

өй

/øj/

Dog

эт

/et/

Cat

песи

/pesi/

Hand

кул

/qul/

Eye

күз

/kyz/

Hello

исәнмесез

/isænmesez/

Thank you

рәхмәт

/ræxmæt/

One

бер

/ber/

Good

яхшы

/jaχʃɯ/

Words compared

Compared with related Turkic (Kipchak) languages

Meaning TatarBashkirKumykKarakhanidUyghurNogaiSouth Azerbaijani
Water су /su/ һыу /hɯw/ сув /suv/ suw /suw/ سۇ /su/ сув /suv/ سو /su/
Fire ут /ut/ ут /ut/ от /ot/ ot /ot/ ئوت /ot/ от /ot/ اوْد /od/
Sun кояш /qojaʃ/ ҡояш /qojaʃ/ гюн /ɡyn/ kün /kyn/ قۇياش /qujɑʃ/ күн /kyn/ گۆنش /ɡyneʃ/
Moon ай /aj/ ай /aj/ ай /aj/ ay /aj/ ئاي /ɑj/ ай /aj/ آی /aj/
Mother әни /æni/ әсәй /æsæj/ ана /ana/ ana /ana/ ئانا /ɑnɑ/ ана /ana/ آنا /ana/
Father әти /æti/ атай /ataj/ ата /ata/ ata /ata/ ئاتا /ɑtɑ/ атай /ataj/ آتا /ata/
Eat ашау /aʃaw/ ашау /aʃaw/ ашамакъ /aʃamaq/ yi- /ji/ يېمەك /jemɛk/ аш /aʃ/ یئمک /jemæk/
Drink эчү /etɕy/ эсеү /esey/ ичмек /itʃmek/ ič- /itʃ/ ئىچمەك /itʃmɛk/ иш /iʃ/ ایچمک /itʃmæk/
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