Tachiwíin

Coyutla Totonac

Totonacan

FamilyTotonacan Speakers~50K ScriptLatin CountriesMexico Official inNo nationally (recognized as a national language of Mexico under the 2003 LGDLPI, with the same validity as Spanish in its own territory) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3toc

Coyutla Totonac is one of several Totonac varieties spoken in the Sierra de Papantla mountains of northern Veracruz, Mexico. The Totonacan language family is one of Mesoamerica's smallest, with Totonac (~250K total across all varieties) and Tepehua as its only two branches; it is not demonstrably related to any larger family despite shared areal features with neighboring Otomanguean and Uto-Aztecan languages. Totonac speakers are renowned globally for the Voladores ceremony — Indigenous ritual aerial dancers who descend on ropes from a 30-meter pole, a practice inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (2009). Coyutla and other Sierra varieties also preserve traditional vanilla cultivation, a Totonacan domesticate that became globally important via Spanish colonial trade.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Coyutla Totonac

Water

xkán

/ʃkán/

Fire

lhk'uyat

/ɬkʼujat/

Sun

chichiní

/tʃitʃiní/

Moon

papá

/papá/

Star

staku

/staku/

Mother

tsé

/tsé/

Father

tlat

/tɬat/

I

kit

/kit/

You

wix

/wiʃ/

Name

tuwán

/tuwan/

Eye

lakgastapu

/lakɡastapu/

Hand

maka

/maka/

Heart

naku

/naku/

Love

pa'ksuu

/paʔksuː/

Tree

k'iwi

/kʼiwi/

House

chiki

/tʃiki/

Dog

chichi

/tʃitʃi/

Cat

mishtu

/miʃtu/

Eat

waan

/waːn/

Drink

oqoo

/oqoː/

One

aktum

/aktum/

Two

aktuy

/aktuj/

Hello

tlen lhítat

/tɬen ɬítat/

Thank you

pa'xkatkatsiniyán

/paʔʃkatkatsiniján/

Good

tlen

/tɬen/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Totonacan languages

Meaning Coyutla TotonacNawatShipibo-ConiboAguacatecoBasqueNorth Moluccan MalayKonso
Water xkán /ʃkán/ at /at/ jene /hene/ /aʔ/ ur /ur/ aer /aer/ pishaa /piʃaː/
Fire lhk'uyat /ɬkʼujat/ tit /tit/ chii /tʃiː/ qʼaq /qʼaq/ su /su/ api /api/ apitta /apitːa/
Sun chichiní /tʃitʃiní/ tunal /tunal/ bari /bari/ qʼijl /qʼihl/ eguzki /eɣuski/ matahari /matahari/ piirtuta /piːrtuta/
Moon papá /papá/ metsti /metsti/ oxe /oʃe/ xahaw /ʃahaw/ ilargi /ilaɾɣi/ bulan /bulan/ leya /leja/
Star staku /staku/ sital /ˈsital/ wishati /wiʃati/ chumeʼl /tʃumeʔl/ izar /is̻ar/ bintang /bintaŋ/ hikkitta /hikːitːa/
Mother tsé /tsé/ nan /nan/ tita /tita/ naa /naː/ ama /ama/ mama /mama/ aayyaa /aːjːaː/
Father tlat /tɬat/ tat /tat/ papa /papa/ mam /mam/ aita /aita/ papa /papa/ aappaa /aːpːaː/
I kit /kit/ naja /ˈnaha/ ea /ea/ in /in/ ni /ni/ kita /kita/ anti /anti/
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