Rarámuri

Tarahumara

Uto-Aztecan (Taracahitan)

FamilyUto-Aztecan (Taracahitan) Speakers~85K ScriptLatin CountriesMexico (Chihuahua) Official inMexico (recognized indigenous) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3tar

Tarahumara (Rarámuri, "those who run on foot") is a Uto-Aztecan language of Chihuahua's Sierra Tarahumara, Mexico, with ~85K speakers. The Rarámuri are world-famous for ultra-long-distance running traditions (rarajipari ball-races over 100+ km). Spoken across multiple dialect areas (highland/lowland), it features SOV word order, suffix-rich agglutinative morphology, and a 5-vowel system. Latin orthography developed by Jesuits in the 17th century; modern standardization through the SEP Indigenous Education program.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Tarahumara

Water

bawí

/bawi/

Fire

nahí

/nahi/

Sun

rayó

/ɾajo/

Moon

mecá

/metʃa/

Star

sopolí

/sopoli/

Mother

iyé

/ije/

Father

onó

/ono/

I

nejé

/nehe/

You

mujé

/muhe/

Name

riwá

/ɾiwa/

Eye

pusí

/pusi/

Hand

sekuá

/sekwa/

Heart

surí

/suɾi/

Love

nakí

/naki/

Tree

gokó

/ɡoko/

House

kalí

/kali/

Dog

kochí

/kotʃi/

Cat

misí

/misi/

Eat

koʼa

/koʔa/

Drink

bahí

/bahi/

One

bilé

/bile/

Two

okuá

/okwa/

Hello

kuira

/kuiɾa/

Thank you

matéterabá

/mateteɾaba/

Good

galá

/ɡala/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Uto-Aztecan (Taracahitan) languages

Meaning TarahumaraWixarikaNorthern PaiuteIsthmus NahuatlNawatRapanuiNiuean
Water bawí /bawi/ ha /ha/ paa /paː/ ahtli /aʔtli/ at /at/ vai /vai/ vai /vai/
Fire nahí /nahi/ tai /tai/ kuna /kuna/ tit /tit/ tit /tit/ ahi /ahi/ afi /afi/
Sun rayó /ɾajo/ tau /tau/ tabe /tape/ tonal /tonal/ tunal /tunal/ raʻā /raʔaː/ /laː/
Moon mecá /metʃa/ metsa /metsa/ mua /mu.a/ metz /mets/ metsti /metsti/ mahina /mahina/ mahina /mahina/
Star sopolí /sopoli/ xurawe /ʃuˈrawe/ pasohoobʉ /pasohoːbɨ/ sitlalin /siˈtlalin/ sital /ˈsital/ hetuʻu /heˈtuʔu/ fetū /feˈtuː/
Mother iyé /ije/ nana /nana/ pia /pi.a/ nan /nan/ nan /nan/ matuʻa vahine /matuʔa vahine/ matua fifine /matua fifine/
Father onó /ono/ yawe /jawe/ naa /naː/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ matuʻa tāne /matuʔa taːne/ matua taane /matua taːne/
I nejé /nehe/ nee /neː/ nʉʉ /nɨː/ naja /ˈnaha/ naja /ˈnaha/ au /au/ au /au/
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