Rarámuri

Tarahumara

Uto-Aztecan (Taracahitan)

FamilyUto-Aztecan (Taracahitan) Speakers~85K ScriptLatin CountriesMexico (Chihuahua) Official inMexico (recognized indigenous) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3tar

Tarahumara (Rarámuri, "those who run on foot") is a Uto-Aztecan language of Chihuahua's Sierra Tarahumara, Mexico, with ~85K speakers. The Rarámuri are world-famous for ultra-long-distance running traditions (rarajipari ball-races over 100+ km). Spoken across multiple dialect areas (highland/lowland), it features SOV word order, suffix-rich agglutinative morphology, and a 5-vowel system. Latin orthography developed by Jesuits in the 17th century; modern standardization through the SEP Indigenous Education program.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Tarahumara

Water

bawí

/bawi/

Fire

nahí

/nahi/

Sun

rayó

/ɾajo/

Moon

mecá

/metʃa/

Mother

iyé

/ije/

Father

onó

/ono/

Eat

koʼa

/koʔa/

Drink

bahí

/bahi/

Love

nakí

/naki/

Heart

surí

/suɾi/

Tree

gokó

/ɡoko/

House

kalí

/kali/

Dog

kochí

/kotʃi/

Cat

misí

/misi/

Hand

sekuá

/sekwa/

Eye

pusí

/pusi/

Hello

kuira

/kuiɾa/

Thank you

matéterabá

/mateteɾaba/

One

bilé

/bile/

Good

galá

/ɡala/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Uto-Aztecan (Taracahitan) languages

Meaning TarahumaraNawatNorthern PaiuteWixarikaNiueanIsthmus NahuatlMarquesan
Water bawí /bawi/ at /at/ paa /paː/ ha /ha/ vai /vai/ ahtli /aʔtli/ vai /vai/
Fire nahí /nahi/ tit /tit/ kuna /kuna/ tai /tai/ afi /afi/ tit /tit/ ahi /ahi/
Sun rayó /ɾajo/ tunal /tunal/ tabe /tape/ tau /tau/ /laː/ tonal /tonal/ ʻoumati /ʔoumati/
Moon mecá /metʃa/ metsti /metsti/ mua /mu.a/ metsa /metsa/ mahina /mahina/ metz /mets/ mahina /mahina/
Mother iyé /ije/ nan /nan/ pia /pi.a/ nana /nana/ matua fifine /matua fifine/ nan /nan/ kuʻa /kuʔa/
Father onó /ono/ tat /tat/ naa /naː/ yawe /jawe/ matua taane /matua taːne/ tat /tat/ motua /motua/
Eat koʼa /koʔa/ takwa /takwa/ tɨka /tɨka/ kuye /kuje/ kai /kai/ tacua /takʷa/ kai /kai/
Drink bahí /bahi/ ati /ati/ hibi /hipi/ hi'eka /hiʔeka/ inu /inu/ ati /ati/ inu /inu/
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