Onǫdaʼgegáʼ

Onondaga

Iroquoian (Northern, Five Nations)

FamilyIroquoian (Northern, Five Nations) Speakers~20 fluent + heritage learners ScriptLatin (Onondaga orthography with diacritics ǫ ę) CountriesUSA (Onondaga Nation Reservation NY), Canada (Six Nations of the Grand River Official inNo (US/Canada recognized Indigenous; Onondaga Nation sovereign use) Vitalitycritically-endangered ISO 639-3onn

Onondaga (Onǫdaʼgegáʼ, "people on the hills") is the language of the Onondaga Nation, the central council fire of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy). The Onondaga Council still maintains the wampum-belt records and convenes the Grand Council. ~20 fluent speakers remain on the Onondaga Nation Reservation south of Syracuse NY plus a handful on Six Nations Reserve in Ontario; intensive language revitalization is ongoing through the Onondaga Nation School and the Indigenous Language Institute.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Onondaga

Water

ohnekano:s

/ohnekanoːs/

Fire

oji:staʼ

/odʒiːstaʔ/

Sun

gaeh'kwa

/ɡaehʔkwa/

Moon

gaeh'kwa enitha

/ɡaehʔkwa enitha/

Mother

ekno:ha'

/eknoːhaʔ/

Father

hak'no:ha'

/hakʔnoːhaʔ/

Eat

ekho:ne'

/ekʰoːneʔ/

Drink

ehnega:i'ron

/ehneɡaːiʔron/

Love

gaonihsdá:wę

/ɡaonihsdaːwɛ̃/

Heart

awé:ri

/aweːri/

Tree

ga:enda'

/ɡaːendaʔ/

House

ganǫhsoht

/ɡanõhsoht/

Dog

só:wa:s

/soːwaːs/

Cat

takó:s

/takoːs/

Hand

onénǫhsa'

/onenõhsaʔ/

Eye

oga:tha'

/oɡaːtʰaʔ/

Hello

sgë:nǫʼ

/skẽːnõʔ/

Thank you

nya:wę'

/njaːwɛ̃ʔ/

One

ska:t

/skaːt/

Good

oyá:nre

/ojaːnre/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Iroquoian (Northern, Five Nations) languages

Meaning OnondagaCayugaTuscaroraMohawkKonsoMagahiAngika
Water ohnekano:s /ohnekanoːs/ ohnekanos /ohnekanos/ awę: /awɛ̃ː/ ohnekanos /ohnekanos/ inanta /inanta/ पानी /paːni/ पानी /paːniː/
Fire oji:staʼ /odʒiːstaʔ/ ojistaʼ /odʒistaʔ/ ujihst /udʒihst/ o'kara /oʔkara/ iya /ija/ आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/
Sun gaeh'kwa /ɡaehʔkwa/ gaehkwa /ɡaehkwa/ hęhts /hɛ̃hts/ karahkwa /karahkwa/ kawa /kawa/ सूरज /suːraj/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/
Moon gaeh'kwa enitha /ɡaehʔkwa enitha/ sǫi:ya /sõːja/ hęhts uri:węh /hɛ̃hts uɾiːwɛ̃h/ ahsonthenhne /ahsontʰenhne/ ayeena /ajeːna/ चान /tʃaːn/ चान /tʃaːn/
Mother ekno:ha' /eknoːhaʔ/ agniha /aɡniha/ raknų:hak /ɾaknũːhak/ iste /iste/ eedda /eːdːa/ माय /maːj/ मय /maj/
Father hak'no:ha' /hakʔnoːhaʔ/ hagʼniha /haɡʔniha/ rakhnih /ɾakhnih/ ranihá /raniha/ abba /abːa/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/
Eat ekho:ne' /ekʰoːneʔ/ gekho /ɡekʰo/ kré:nuʼ /kɾeːnuʔ/ kekhwa /kekʰwa/ ihaa /ihaː/ खैना /kʰaiːnaː/ खाएक /kʰaːek/
Drink ehnega:i'ron /ehneɡaːiʔron/ gehnegira /ɡehneɡira/ kré:hwiʼ /kɾeːhwiʔ/ kahnek /kahnek/ inakkaa /inakːaː/ पीना /piːnaː/ पीयक /piːjak/
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