aksara cam
Old Cham
Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Chamic) · historical / hidden variety
Old Cham is the extinct historical form of the Cham language, belonging to the Chamic branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian family. It was the language of the kingdom of Champa in present-day central and southern Vietnam and parts of Cambodia, recorded in stone inscriptions written in an Old Cham Brahmic script derived from the South Indian Pallava script. The Dong Yen Chau inscription (around the 4th century CE) is one of the oldest attested texts in any Austronesian language. Old Cham is the direct ancestor of the modern Cham language still spoken today.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Old Cham
Water
ie
/ʔiə/
Fire
apuy
/ʔapuj/
Sun
adaw
/ʔadaw/
Moon
bulan
/bulan/
Star
bituk
/bituʔ/
Mother
amɛ
/amɛ/
Father
amaŋ
/amaŋ/
I
kău
/kaw/
You
hã
/haː/
Name
angan
/aŋan/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hand
taŋin
/taŋin/
Heart
hatai
/hatai/
Love
klɛn
/klɛn/
Tree
phuəŋ
/pʰuəŋ/
House
sɔŋ
/sɔŋ/
Dog
asɔ
/asɔ/
Cat
mɛw
/mɛw/
Eat
bɔh
/bɔh/
Drink
mɛnum
/mɛnum/
One
sa
/sa/
Two
dua
/dua/
Hello
—
/—/
Thank you
—
/—/
Good
siam
/siam/
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Chamic) languages
| Meaning | Old Cham | Old Malay | Western Cham | Batak Angkola | Eastern Cham | Indonesian | Malay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ie /ʔiə/ | ayar /ajar/ | ايا /ja/ | aek /aek/ | ꨀꨳꨩ /ʔiaː/ | air /ˈa.ir/ | air /ˈa.ir/ |
| Fire | apuy /ʔapuj/ | api /api/ | افوي /apuei/ | api /api/ | ꨀꨚꨶꨬ /apuei/ | api /api/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | adaw /ʔadaw/ | matari /matari/ | أديتياء /aditiak/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | ꨀꨕꨪꨓꨳꩀ /a.ɗi.tiaʔ/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | بيلن /bilan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ꨝꨪꨤꩆ /ɓi.lan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bituk /bituʔ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | فتاۛء /patɨʔ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | ꨝꨪꨓꨭꩀ /ɓi.tuʔ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Mother | amɛ /amɛ/ | ibu /ibu/ | ماي /mai/ | inang /inaŋ/ | ꨀꨟꨰꩀ /a.meʔ/ | ibu /ibu/ | ibu /ibu/ |
| Father | amaŋ /amaŋ/ | bapa /bapa/ | أمآ /amaː/ | amang /amaŋ/ | ꨀꨟꨲ /a.mɨ/ | ayah /ajah/ | ayah /ajah/ |
| I | kău /kaw/ | aku /aku/ | كاو /kɔw/ | au /au/ | ꨕꨨꨵꩀ /ɗah.laʔ/ | saya /saja/ | saya /saja/ |
| You | hã /haː/ | kamu /kamu/ | هاۛ /hɨ/ | ho /ho/ | ꨨꨲ /hɨ/ | kamu /kamu/ | awak /awaʔ/ |
| Name | angan /aŋan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | أڠن /aŋan/ | goar /goar/ | ꨀꨋꩆ /a.ŋan/ | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | متا /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ꨟꨓꨩ /mə.taː/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hand | taŋin /taŋin/ | tangan /taŋan/ | تاڠين /taŋin/ | tangan /taŋan/ | ꨓꨊꨪꩆ /ta.ŋɪn/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Heart | hatai /hatai/ | hati /hati/ | هتاي /hatai/ | roha /roha/ | ꨨꨓꨰ /ha.tai/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ |
| Love | klɛn /klɛn/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | ڬاوه /ɡauh/ | holong /holoŋ/ | ꨀꨘꨪꩅ /a.nit/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | cinta /tʃinta/ |
| Tree | phuəŋ /pʰuəŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | كايو /kajuv/ | hayu /haju/ | ꨆꨢꨮꨭ /ka.jauː/ | pohon /pohon/ | pokok /pokoʔ/ |
| House | sɔŋ /sɔŋ/ | rumah /rumah/ | تحاڠ /tʰaŋ/ | bagas /baɡas/ | ꨧꩃ /saːŋ/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Dog | asɔ /asɔ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | أتحو /atʰuv/ | asu /asu/ | ꨀꨧꨮꨭ /ʔa.saʊ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | mɛw /mɛw/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | ميٛو /meuv/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | ꨟꨢꨥ /mɨ.jaw/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Eat | bɔh /bɔh/ | makan /makan/ | هواء /huak/ | mangan /maŋan/ | ꨨꨶꩀ /hʊaʔ/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | mɛnum /mɛnum/ | minum /minum/ | ماوم /maum/ | minum /minum/ | ꨟꨑꨭꩌ /mɨ.ɲum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ |
| One | sa /sa/ | sa /sa/ | تحا /tʰa/ | sada /sada/ | ꨧ /saː/ | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ |
| Two | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | ڎوا /ɗuə/ | dua /dua/ | ꨕꨶ /d̪ʊaː/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | سلام /salam/ | horas /horas/ | ꨦꨤꩌ /sa.lam/ | halo /ˈhalo/ | hai /hai/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | تريما كاسيه /tarima kasiʔ/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | ꨙꨶ ꨜꨲꩊ /ɗua pʰuəl/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ |
| Good | siam /siam/ | baik /baik/ | سيام /siam/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | ꨧꨳꩌ /siam/ | baik /baiʔ/ | baik /baiʔ/ |
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