چام

Western Cham

Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Chamic)

FamilyAustronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Chamic) Speakers~190K ScriptArabic (Jawi-style); Cham script (historic Brahmic); Latin (modern descriptive) CountriesCambodia (Kampong Cham); Vietnam (An Giang, Tây Ninh) Official inNo (recognized minority in Cambodia and Vietnam) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3cja

Western Cham (cam) is the Chamic Austronesian language of the Cham Muslim communities in Cambodia (Kampong Cham, Battambang, Pursat) and parts of southern Vietnam (An Giang, Tây Ninh), with ~190K speakers. After the fall of Champa kingdom (Vijaya, 1471 CE) to Đại Việt and the final destruction in 1832, large Cham populations fled west, gradually converting to Sunni Islam in Cambodia under Malay influence. Today Western Cham uses the Arabic script in Jawi style for religious texts; the historic Cham Brahmic script (descended from Pallava-Grantha) is preserved by Eastern Cham (cjm) in Vietnam. The language has lost the tones of Vietnamese contact and developed register based on glottal contrast.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Western Cham

Water

ايا

/ja/

Fire

افوي

/apuei/

Sun

أديتياء

/aditiak/

Moon

بيلن

/bilan/

Star

فتاۛء

/patɨʔ/

Mother

ماي

/mai/

Father

أمآ

/amaː/

I

كاو

/kɔw/

You

هاۛ

/hɨ/

Name

أڠن

/aŋan/

Eye

متا

/mata/

Hand

تاڠين

/taŋin/

Heart

هتاي

/hatai/

Love

ڬاوه

/ɡauh/

Tree

كايو

/kajuv/

House

تحاڠ

/tʰaŋ/

Dog

أتحو

/atʰuv/

Cat

ميٛو

/meuv/

Eat

هواء

/huak/

Drink

ماوم

/maum/

One

تحا

/tʰa/

Two

ڎوا

/ɗuə/

Hello

سلام

/salam/

Thank you

تريما كاسيه

/tarima kasiʔ/

Good

سيام

/siam/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Chamic) languages

Meaning Western ChamOld ChamEastern ChamBanjarMinangkabauSasakMusi
Water ايا /ja/ ie /ʔiə/ ꨀꨳꨩ /ʔiaː/ banyu /baɲu/ aia /aia/ aiq /aiʔ/ ayek /ajek/
Fire افوي /apuei/ apuy /ʔapuj/ ꨀꨚꨶꨬ /apuei/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/
Sun أديتياء /aditiak/ adaw /ʔadaw/ ꨀꨕꨪꨓꨳꩀ /a.ɗi.tiaʔ/ matahari /matahari/ matoari /matoaɾi/ mataari /mataari/ matahari /matahari/
Moon بيلن /bilan/ bulan /bulan/ ꨝꨪꨤꩆ /ɓi.lan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/
Star فتاۛء /patɨʔ/ bituk /bituʔ/ ꨝꨪꨓꨭꩀ /ɓi.tuʔ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/
Mother ماي /mai/ amɛ /amɛ/ ꨀꨟꨰꩀ /a.meʔ/ uma /uma/ amak /amaʔ/ inaq /inaʔ/ mak /mak/
Father أمآ /amaː/ amaŋ /amaŋ/ ꨀꨟꨲ /a.mɨ/ abah /abah/ abak /abaʔ/ amaq /amaʔ/ bapak /bapak/
I كاو /kɔw/ kău /kaw/ ꨕꨨꨵꩀ /ɗah.laʔ/ aku /aku/ ambo /ambo/ aku /aku/ aku /aku/
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