Nalca

Trans-New Guinea

FamilyTrans-New Guinea Speakers~10K ScriptLatin CountriesIndonesia Official inNo (Indonesian is the sole official language; Nalca is a recognized community Mek language) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3nlc

Nalca is a Trans-New Guinea Mek-family language of the central Highlands of Papua, Indonesia, spoken by ~10,000 people in the Yahukimo Regency. The Mek family (Eipo, Yale, Una, Nalca, Mek, etc. — ~12 languages, ~50,000 total speakers) is one of the smaller Trans-New Guinea subgroups, occupying the Star Mountains and the western Eastern Highlands. Linguistically, Nalca shares Mek-family features with classical Trans-New Guinea typology: SOV constituent order, postpositions, complex verb morphology with hierarchical agreement, and noun classifiers. SIL Bible translation work since the 1990s has produced literacy materials in Nalca; the Mek-family Eipo Bible (1992) was a notable Mek-family Bible translation project.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Nalca

Water

mi

/mi/

Fire

lakil

/lakil/

Sun

nyem

/ɲem/

Moon

lakum

/lakum/

Star

gura'

/guraʔ/

Mother

ne

/ne/

Father

ke

/ke/

I

na

/na/

You

an

/an/

Name

si

/si/

Eye

nye

/ɲe/

Hand

ku

/ku/

Heart

ngal

/ŋal/

Love

ngam

/ŋam/

Tree

ye

/je/

House

kim

/kim/

Dog

ngal

/ŋal/

Cat

kucing

/kutʃiŋ/

Eat

ne

/ne/

Drink

mi ne

/mi ne/

One

mom

/mom/

Two

phein

/pʰein/

Hello

silok

/silok/

Thank you

amole

/amole/

Good

ko

/ko/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Trans-New Guinea languages

Meaning NalcaMianFaiwolKaniteMizoMapos BuangAari
Water mi /mi/ ot /ot/ ok /ok/ nai /nai/ tui /tui/ vuur /vuːr/ waki /waki/
Fire lakil /lakil/ aon /aon/ baal /baːl/ lo /lo/ mei /mei/ ehe /ehe/ mola /mola/
Sun nyem /ɲem/ kep /kep/ kibel /kibel/ suka /suka/ ni /ni/ gum /ɡum/ háy /haj/
Moon lakum /lakum/ ham /ham/ ulup /ulup/ ika /ika/ thla /tʰla/ mha /mha/ arfi /arfi/
Star gura' /guraʔ/ fut /fut/ milum /milum/ ka'nefi /kaʔnefi/ arsi /arsi/ betuheng /betuheŋ/ manka /ˈmanka/
Mother ne /ne/ na /na/ anim /anim/ nene /nene/ nu /nu/ ne /ne/ inde /inde/
Father ke /ke/ ki /ki/ atim /atim/ nafa /nafa/ pa /pa/ ma /ma/ baba /baba/
I na /na/ naka /naka/ na /na/ nagaya /naɡaja/ kei /kei/ sa /sa/ ita /ʔiˈta/
Page 1/4

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.