Wichí Lhamtés

Wichí

Mataco-Mataguayan

FamilyMataco-Mataguayan Speakers~50–60K ScriptLatin CountriesArgentina, Bolivia, Paraguay Official inArgentina Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3mzh

Wichí (formerly Mataco; autonymously Wichí Lhamtés "the Wichí speech") is the principal Mataco-Mataguayan language, spoken by ~50,000-60,000 Wichí people across the Gran Chaco region of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. The Mataco-Mataguayan family is small and isolated within South American linguistics, with Wichí being the largest member alongside Nivaclé, Maká, and Chorote. Linguistically, Wichí has typical Mataco-Mataguayan features: nominative-accusative alignment, classifier-like noun particles, and SVO constituent order with verb-final tendencies. The Wichí community has been active in Argentine indigenous-rights movements since the 1990s, with bilingual education in Salta and Formosa provinces.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Wichí

Water

inot

/inot/

Fire

itoj

/itox/

Sun

ifwala

/ifʷala/

Moon

hawu

/hawu/

Star

katʼes

/katʼes/

Mother

ko

/ko/

Father

lo

/lo/

I

olham

/olam/

You

am

/am/

Name

lhey

/ɬej/

Eye

titsej

/titsex/

Hand

kuwej

/kuwex/

Heart

kahayl

/kahajl/

Love

lhayanej

/ʎajanex/

Tree

halaj

/halax/

House

wek

/wek/

Dog

asinaj

/asinax/

Cat

mishi

/miʃi/

Eat

lechek

/letʃek/

Drink

yim

/jim/

One

ifwa

/ifʷa/

Two

nitewk

/nitewk/

Hello

hayej

/hajex/

Thank you

nehayij

/nehajix/

Good

is

/is/

Cuckoo

hotsen'i

/hotsenˈʔi/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Mataco-Mataguayan languages

Meaning WichíAchuarShuarSora languageNorthern EmberaAyacucho QuechuaAtikamekw
Water inot /inot/ yumi /jumi/ yumi /jumi/ daŋa /daŋa/ do /do/ yaku /jaku/ nipi /nipi/
Fire itoj /itox/ ji /hi/ ji /hi/ tin /tin/ tu /tu/ nina /nina/ ickoteo /iʃkoteo/
Sun ifwala /ifʷala/ etsa /etsa/ etsa /etsa/ dag /dag/ hewa /hewa/ inti /inti/ pisim /pisim/
Moon hawu /hawu/ nantu /nantu/ nantu /nantu/ dian /dian/ ahuru /ahuɾu/ killa /kiʎa/ tipikaw pisim /tipikaw pisim/
Star katʼes /katʼes/ yaa /jaː/ yaa /jaː/ tərɖaŋ /tərɖaŋ/ chidua /tʃidua/ quyllur /ˈqojʎur/ atcakos /atʃakos/
Mother ko /ko/ nukur /nukuɾ/ nukur /nukuɾ/ ayo /ajo/ papa /papa/ mama /mama/ okawi /okawi/
Father lo /lo/ apar /apaɾ/ apar /apaɾ/ aba /aba/ apa /apa/ tayta /tajta/ ohi /ohi/
I olham /olam/ wi /wi/ wi /wi/ ɲen /ɲɛn/ /mɨ/ ñuqa /ˈɲoqa/ nir /niɾ/
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