Sora
Sora language
Austroasiatic (Munda)
Sora, also called Saora or Savara (𑃐𑃚𑃝; ISO 639-3: srb), is a South Munda language of the Austroasiatic family, spoken mainly by Sora communities in southern Odisha and northern Andhra Pradesh, India. It must not be confused with the Dravidian language Savara, coded svr. Sora is generally subject–object–verb and has rich agglutinative morphology, including complex verb forms and a notable class of “semantic relator” nouns that specify spatial and other relations. It is written in several scripts: Sora Sompeng, created by Mangei Gomango in 1936, as well as Odia, Telugu, and Latin, with usage varying by region and institution. Sora is not listed in India’s Eighth Schedule; transmission remains strong in some communities, but pressure from Odia and Telugu, limited schooling, and uneven literacy make its long-term vitality vulnerable.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Sora language
Water
daŋa
/daŋa/
Fire
tin
/tin/
Sun
dag
/dag/
Moon
dian
/dian/
Star
tərɖaŋ
/tərɖaŋ/
Mother
ayo
/ajo/
Father
aba
/aba/
I
ɲen
/ɲɛn/
You
am
/am/
Name
ɲum
/ɲum/
Eye
siʔi
/siʔi/
Hand
si
/si/
Heart
suʔun
/suʔun/
Love
adi
/adi/
Tree
dar
/dar/
House
suʔuŋ
/suʔuŋ/
Dog
sua
/sua/
Cat
biri
/biri/
Eat
kay
/kaj/
Drink
pim
/pim/
One
aboy
/aboj/
Two
baguu
/baɡu/
Hello
limtam
/limtam/
Thank you
surai
/surai/
Good
mando
/mando/
Words compared
Compared with related Austroasiatic (Munda) languages
| Meaning | Sora language | Mundari | Santali | Ho | Quechua | Rohingya | Classical Quechua |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | daŋa /daŋa/ | daa /daː/ | ᱫᱟᱜ /daʔ/ | daa /daː/ | yaku /jaku/ | fani /fani/ | yaku /jaku/ |
| Fire | tin /tin/ | sengel /seŋɡel/ | ᱥᱮᱝᱜᱮᱞ /seŋɡel/ | sengel /seŋɡel/ | nina /nina/ | aág /aːɡ/ | nina /nina/ |
| Sun | dag /dag/ | singi /siŋɡi/ | ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱤ /siŋɡi/ | singi /siŋɡi/ | inti /inti/ | beil /beil/ | inti /inti/ |
| Moon | dian /dian/ | chando /tʃando/ | ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ /tʃãndo/ | chando /tʃando/ | killa /kiʎa/ | sán /sãn/ | killa /kiʎa/ |
| Star | tərɖaŋ /tərɖaŋ/ | ipil /ipil/ | ᱤᱯᱤᱞ /ipil/ | ipil /ipil/ | quyllur /ˈqojʎʊr/ | tara /tara/ | quyllur /qojʎur/ |
| Mother | ayo /ajo/ | ayo /ajo/ | ᱟᱭᱳ /ajo/ | ayu /aju/ | mama /mama/ | maa /maː/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | aba /aba/ | apu /apu/ | ᱟᱯᱟᱹ /apə/ | apu /apu/ | tayta /tajta/ | baba /baba/ | tayta /tajta/ |
| I | ɲen /ɲɛn/ | aiñ /aiɲ/ | ᱤᱧ /iɲ/ | aiñ /aiɲ/ | ñuqa /ˈɲʊqa/ | añí /ãɲi/ | ñuqa /ɲoqa/ |
| You | am /am/ | am /am/ | ᱟᱢ /am/ | am /am/ | qam /qam/ | tuñí /tuɲi/ | qam /qam/ |
| Name | ɲum /ɲum/ | nutum /nutum/ | ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ /ɲutum/ | nutum /nutum/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | nam /nam/ | suti /suti/ |
| Eye | siʔi /siʔi/ | med /med/ | ᱢᱮᱫ /met/ | med /med/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | suk /suk/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ |
| Hand | si /si/ | ti /ti/ | ᱛᱤ /tiː/ | ti /ti/ | maki /maki/ | hát /hat/ | maki /maki/ |
| Heart | suʔun /suʔun/ | jiu /dʒiu/ | ᱢᱳᱱ /mon/ | jiu /dʒiu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | dil /dil/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ |
| Love | adi /adi/ | dularaa /dularaː/ | ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱲᱤ /dulaɽi/ | dulaiya /dulaija/ | munay /munaj/ | muhabbat /muhabːat/ | munay /munaj/ |
| Tree | dar /dar/ | daru /daru/ | ᱫᱟᱨᱮ /dare/ | daru /daru/ | sacha /satʃa/ | gas /ɡas/ | sach'a /satʃʼa/ |
| House | suʔuŋ /suʔuŋ/ | oraa /oraː/ | ᱳᱲᱟᱜ /oɽaːk/ | oraa /oraː/ | wasi /wasi/ | gór /ɡɔr/ | wasi /wasi/ |
| Dog | sua /sua/ | seta /seta/ | ᱥᱮᱛᱟ /seta/ | seta /seta/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | kúkkur /kukːur/ | allqu /aʎqu/ |
| Cat | biri /biri/ | pusi /pusi/ | ᱯᱩᱥᱤ /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | misi /misi/ | bilai /bilai/ | misi /misi/ |
| Eat | kay /kaj/ | jom /dʒom/ | ᱡᱳᱢ /dʒom/ | jom /dʒom/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | háwa /haːwa/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ |
| Drink | pim /pim/ | nu /nu/ | ᱧᱩ /ɲu/ | nu /nu/ | upyay /upjaj/ | piya /pija/ | upyay /upjaj/ |
| One | aboy /aboj/ | mid /mid/ | ᱢᱤᱫ /mit/ | miyad /mijad/ | huk /huk/ | ek /ek/ | huk /huk/ |
| Two | baguu /baɡu/ | baria /baria/ | ᱵᱟᱨ /bar/ | bariya /barija/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | dui /dui/ | iskay /iskaj/ |
| Hello | limtam /limtam/ | johar /dʒohar/ | ᱡᱳᱦᱟᱨ /dʒohar/ | johar /dʒohar/ | allillanchu /aʎiʎantʃu/ | assalam /assalam/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ |
| Thank you | surai /surai/ | dhonyobad /dʱoɲobad/ | ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱭᱚᱵᱟᱫ /dʱonjobad/ | dhanybad /dʱanjbad/ | sulpayki /sulpajki/ | shukoría /ʃukria/ | añay /aɲaj/ |
| Good | mando /mando/ | bes /bes/ | ᱵᱮᱥ /bes/ | bugin /buɡin/ | allin /aʎin/ | bála /baːla/ | allin /aʎin/ |
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.