Achuar Chicham

Achuar

Jivaroan

FamilyJivaroan Speakers~5K (Peru ~3K + Ecuador ~2K) ScriptLatin CountriesEcuador, Peru Official inEcuador Vitalitydefinitely endangered ISO 639-3acu

Achuar (Achuar Chicham, "Achuar speech"; also Achuar-Shiwiar) is a Jivaroan language spoken in the Marañón–Pastaza ecotone of the Peru-Ecuador border. The Achuar people are the third-largest Jivaroan group, after the Aguaruna (agr) and Shuar (jiv), and have historically been seasonally interconnected with the Shuar and Shiwiar through trade, marriage alliances, and warfare. Achuar achieved international attention through the Achuar Resistance against oil-company encroachment in the 2000s-2010s, with the Achuar Federation (FINAE/NAE) leading territorial sovereignty advocacy. Linguistically, Achuar shares Jivaroan family features with Aguaruna and Shuar: nasal vowels, focus markers, and an exhaustive ethnobiological lexicon for the Amazon ecosystem.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Achuar

Water

yumi

/jumi/

Fire

ji

/hi/

Sun

etsa

/etsa/

Moon

nantu

/nantu/

Star

yaa

/jaː/

Mother

nukur

/nukuɾ/

Father

apar

/apaɾ/

I

wi

/wi/

You

ame

/ame/

Name

naari

/naːɾi/

Eye

jii

/hiː/

Hand

uwej

/uweh/

Heart

enentai

/enentai/

Love

anentin

/anentin/

Tree

numi

/numi/

House

jea

/hea/

Dog

yawa

/jawa/

Cat

micha

/mitʃa/

Eat

yuata

/juata/

Drink

umarta

/umaɾta/

One

kichik

/kitʃik/

Two

jimiar

/himiaɾ/

Hello

pujamek

/puhamek/

Thank you

mai-tikut

/majtikut/

Good

penker

/peŋkeɾ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Jivaroan languages

Meaning AchuarShuarAguarunaCentral Alaskan YupikShonaJapanese (Osaka)Japanese (Hiroshima)
Water yumi /jumi/ yumi /jumi/ yumi /jumi/ meq /meq/ mvura /mvuɾa/ /mizɯ/ /mizɯ/
Fire ji /hi/ ji /hi/ jii /hiː/ keneq /keneq/ moto /moto/ /hi/ /hi/
Sun etsa /etsa/ etsa /etsa/ etsá /etsá/ akerta /akerta/ zuva /zuva/ /hi/ /hi/
Moon nantu /nantu/ nantu /nantu/ nántu /nántu/ iraluq /iraluq/ mwedzi /mwedzi/ /tsɯki/ /tsɯki/
Star yaa /jaː/ yaa /jaː/ yaya /jaja/ agyaq /aɣjaq/ nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ /hoɕi/ /hoɕi/
Mother nukur /nukuɾ/ nukur /nukuɾ/ dukú /dukú/ aana /aːna/ amai /amai/ おかん /okaɴ/ おふくろ /oɸɯkɯɾo/
Father apar /apaɾ/ apar /apaɾ/ apá /apá/ ata /ata/ baba /baba/ おとん /otoɴ/ 親父 /ojadʑi/
I wi /wi/ wi /wi/ wi /wi/ wiinga /wiːŋa/ ini /ini/ わし /waɕi/ わし /waɕi/
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