Qyool Mam

Mam

Mayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean)

FamilyMayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean) Speakers~530K ScriptLatin (ALMG standard) CountriesGuatemala (Huehuetenango, San Marcos, Quetzaltenango); Mexico (Chiapas) Official inGuatemala (recognized national language) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3mam

Mam is the fourth-largest Mayan language, after K'iche', Q'eqchi', and Yucatec, spoken by ~530K in Guatemala's western highlands (Huehuetenango, San Marcos, Quetzaltenango) and across the Mexican border in Chiapas. Eastern Mayan branch (Greater Mamean), sister to Awakatek and Ixil. Highly conservative phonology preserving the rare uvular contrast /q/-/q'/ and an ejective series. Verbal morphology features ergative-absolutive marking with split-ergativity in incompletive aspect. Standardized Latin orthography (1987 Acuerdos de la Paz).

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Mam

Water

/aʔ/

Fire

qʼaqʼ

/qʼaqʼ/

Sun

qʼij

/qʼih/

Moon

xjaw

/ʃaw/

Star

cheʼw

/tʃeʔw/

Mother

nan

/nan/

Father

mam

/mam/

I

aqiin

/aˈqiːn/

You

aya

/aˈja/

Name

biʼ

/ɓiʔ/

Eye

witz

/wits/

Hand

qʼobʼ

/qʼoɓ/

Heart

anma

/anma/

Love

oqxan

/oqʃan/

Tree

tzeʼ

/tseʔ/

House

jaa

/haː/

Dog

txʼyan

/tʃʼjan/

Cat

wiix

/wiːʃ/

Eat

waan

/waːn/

Drink

kʼaan

/kʼaːn/

One

jun

/hun/

Two

kabʼe

/ˈkaɓeʔ/

Hello

chjonte tey

/tʃhonte tej/

Thank you

chjonte

/tʃhonte/

Good

banix

/baniʃ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Mayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean) languages

Meaning MamAguacatecoKʼicheʼUspantekoTojolabalQ'anjob'alIxil
Water /aʔ/ /aʔ/ jaʼ /xaʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ haʼ /haʔ/ /aʔ/
Fire qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ qʼaq /qʼaq/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ tzaʼ /tsaʔ/
Sun qʼij /qʼih/ qʼijl /qʼihl/ qʼij /qʼix/ qʼiij /qʼiːh/ kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/ qʼii /qʼiː/
Moon xjaw /ʃaw/ xahaw /ʃahaw/ ikʼ /ikʼ/ ikʼ /ikʼ/ ixaw /iʃaw/ ixaw /iʃaw/ ich /itʃ/
Star cheʼw /tʃeʔw/ chumeʼl /tʃumeʔl/ chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ ch'umil /tʃʼumil/ kʼanal /kʼanal/ txʼumel /tʂʼumel/ chumiil /tʃumiːl/
Mother nan /nan/ naa /naː/ nan /nan/ nan /nan/ nan /nan/ mim /mim/ naʼ /naʔ/
Father mam /mam/ mam /mam/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ mam /mam/ baʼ /baʔ/
I aqiin /aˈqiːn/ in /in/ in /in/ in /in/ keʼn /keʔn/ ayin /ʔajin/ in /in/
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