Qyool Mam

Mam

Mayan (Quichean)

FamilyMayan (Quichean) Speakers~530K ScriptLatin (ALMG standard) CountriesGuatemala (Huehuetenango, San Marcos, Quetzaltenango); Mexico (Chiapas) Official inGuatemala (recognized national language) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3mam

Mam is the third-largest Mayan language after K'iche' and Yucatec, spoken by ~530K in Guatemala's western highlands (Huehuetenango, San Marcos, Quetzaltenango) and across the Mexican border in Chiapas. Eastern Mayan branch (Greater Mamean), sister to Awakatek and Ixil. Highly conservative phonology preserving the rare uvular contrast /q/-/q'/ and an ejective series. Verbal morphology features ergative-absolutive marking with split-ergativity in incompletive aspect. Standardized Latin orthography (1987 Acuerdos de la Paz).

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Mam

Water

/aʔ/

Fire

qʼaqʼ

/qʼaqʼ/

Sun

qʼij

/qʼih/

Moon

xjaw

/ʃaw/

Mother

nan

/nan/

Father

mam

/mam/

Eat

waan

/waːn/

Drink

kʼaan

/kʼaːn/

Love

oqxan

/oqʃan/

Heart

anma

/anma/

Tree

tzeʼ

/tseʔ/

House

jaa

/haː/

Dog

txʼyan

/tʃʼjan/

Cat

wiix

/wiːʃ/

Hand

qʼobʼ

/qʼoɓ/

Eye

witz

/wits/

Hello

chjonte tey

/tʃhonte tej/

Thank you

chjonte

/tʃhonte/

One

jun

/hun/

Good

banix

/baniʃ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Mayan (Quichean) languages

Meaning MamCentral MamAguacatecoTojolabalKʼicheʼUspantekoQ'anjob'al
Water /aʔ/ /aʔ/ /aʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /xaʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ haʼ /haʔ/
Fire qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ qʼaq /qʼaq/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/
Sun qʼij /qʼih/ qʼiij /qʼiːh/ qʼijl /qʼihl/ kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ qʼij /qʼix/ qʼiij /qʼiːh/ kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/
Moon xjaw /ʃaw/ xjaaw /ʃhaːw/ xahaw /ʃahaw/ ixaw /iʃaw/ ikʼ /ikʼ/ ikʼ /ikʼ/ ixaw /iʃaw/
Mother nan /nan/ nan /nan/ naa /naː/ nan /nan/ nan /nan/ nan /nan/ mim /mim/
Father mam /mam/ mam /mam/ mam /mam/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ mam /mam/
Eat waan /waːn/ waaʼn /waːʔn/ wii /wiː/ waʼel /waʔel/ tijow /tixow/ waʼ /waʔ/ lo /lo/
Drink kʼaan /kʼaːn/ kʼaaʼn /kʼaːʔn/ uuk /uːk/ ukʼ /ukʼ/ ukʼaaj /ukʼaːh/ ukʼ /ukʼ/ uku /uku/
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