Ixil

Mayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean — Ixilan)

FamilyMayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean — Ixilan) Speakers~70K ScriptLatin (1987 ALMG standard, with apostrophe ' for ejection) CountriesGuatemala (Quiché — Nebaj, Chajul, San Juan Cotzal — known as Ixil Triangle) Official inGuatemala (recognized national language since 2003 Languages Law) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3ixl

Ixil is a Mamean Mayan language of the Cuchumatanes mountains in northwestern Guatemala, spoken in the three towns Nebaj, Chajul, and San Juan Cotzal known as the "Ixil Triangle". The Ixil people were among the most heavily targeted communities during the Guatemalan Civil War (1960-1996); approximately 5.5% of the Ixil population were killed during the early-1980s genocide under General Ríos Montt — convicted of genocide against the Ixil in 2013 (verdict overturned but conviction historically affirmed). Three principal varieties: Nebaj (most documented), Chajul, and Cotzal. Ergative-absolutive alignment, complex aspectual verb morphology.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Ixil

Water

/aʔ/

Fire

tzaʼ

/tsaʔ/

Sun

qʼii

/qʼiː/

Moon

ich

/itʃ/

Star

chumiil

/tʃumiːl/

Mother

naʼ

/naʔ/

Father

baʼ

/baʔ/

I

in

/in/

You

axh

/aʃ/

Name

bʼii

/ɓiː/

Eye

vusal

/vusal/

Hand

qʼabʼ

/qʼaɓ/

Heart

vatzʼ

/vatsʼ/

Love

kuxhewchʼa

/kuʃewtʃʼa/

Tree

tze

/tse/

House

kabʼal

/kaɓal/

Dog

txʼiʼ

/tʃʼiʔ/

Cat

mees

/meːs/

Eat

tzaʼbʼi

/tsaʔɓi/

Drink

ucha

/utʃa/

One

jun

/hun/

Two

kaʼvaʼl

/kaʔʋaʔl/

Hello

nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa

/nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/

Thank you

tantixh

/tantiʃ/

Good

utzʼ

/utsʼ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Mayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean — Ixilan) languages

Meaning IxilUspantekoKʼicheʼAguacatecoKaqchikelQʼeqchiʼQ'anjob'al
Water /aʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /xaʔ/ /aʔ/ yaʼ /jaʔ/ haʼ /haʔ/ haʼ /haʔ/
Fire tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ qʼaq /qʼaq/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ xam /ʃam/ qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/
Sun qʼii /qʼiː/ qʼiij /qʼiːh/ qʼij /qʼix/ qʼijl /qʼihl/ qʼij /qʼix/ saqʼe /saqʼe/ kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/
Moon ich /itʃ/ ikʼ /ikʼ/ ikʼ /ikʼ/ xahaw /ʃahaw/ ikʼ /ikʼ/ poo /poː/ ixaw /iʃaw/
Star chumiil /tʃumiːl/ ch'umil /tʃʼumil/ chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ chumeʼl /tʃumeʔl/ chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ chahim /tʃahim/ txʼumel /tʂʼumel/
Mother naʼ /naʔ/ nan /nan/ nan /nan/ naa /naː/ teʼ /teʔ/ naʼ /naʔ/ mim /mim/
Father baʼ /baʔ/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ mam /mam/ tataʼ /tataʔ/ yuwaʼ /juwaʔ/ mam /mam/
I in /in/ in /in/ in /in/ in /in/ rïn /rɨn/ laʼin /laʔin/ ayin /ʔajin/
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