Lingála
Lingala
Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Bangi-Tetela)
Lingala (lingála) is a Bantu language and major lingua franca of the Congo River basin, with ~40M speakers (mostly L2) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo. Originating as a 19th-century pidginized Bobangi trade language used by Belgian colonial administrators and the Congo Free State, it expanded as a vehicular language and the language of the Congolese armed forces. Lingala-language rumba and soukous music (Franco, Papa Wemba, Koffi Olomide) achieved enormous Pan-African cultural influence in the 20th century. Has 7 vowels and 2 phonemic tones (high vs. low).
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Lingala
Water
máí
/mai/
Fire
mɔ́tɔ
/mɔtɔ/
Sun
mói
/moi/
Moon
sánzá
/sanza/
Mother
mamá
/mama/
Father
tatá
/tata/
Eat
kolía
/kolia/
Drink
komɛ́la
/komɛla/
Love
bolíngo
/boliŋɡo/
Heart
motéma
/motema/
Tree
nzété
/nzete/
House
ndáko
/ndako/
Dog
mbwá
/mbwa/
Cat
nyáu
/ɲau/
Hand
lobɔ́kɔ
/lobɔkɔ/
Eye
líso
/liso/
Hello
mbóte
/mbote/
Thank you
matɔ́ndɔ
/matɔndɔ/
One
mɔ̌kɔ́
/mɔkɔ/
Good
malámu
/malamu/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Bangi-Tetela) languages
| Meaning | Lingala | Kikongo | Luvale | Mongo | Nyaturu | Nyamwezi | Kaonde |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | máí /mai/ | maza /maza/ | meya /meja/ | nzá /nzá/ | maazi /maːzi/ | minzi /minzi/ | mema /mema/ |
| Fire | mɔ́tɔ /mɔtɔ/ | tiya /tija/ | kakahya /kakahja/ | mokɛ́ /mokɛ́/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mujilo /mudʒilo/ |
| Sun | mói /moi/ | ntangu /ntaŋɡu/ | likumbi /likumbi/ | lokɔlɔ /lokɔlɔ/ | nzua /nzua/ | izuba /izuβa/ | juba /dʒuba/ |
| Moon | sánzá /sanza/ | ngonda /ŋɡonda/ | kakweji /kakwedʒi/ | nzɔnzɔ /nzɔnzɔ/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | ng'wezi /ŋweːzi/ | ñondo /ɲondo/ |
| Mother | mamá /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | nyangó /ɲaŋɡó/ | mama /mama/ | mayu /majʊ/ | bama /bama/ |
| Father | tatá /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | ise /ise/ | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ | batata /batata/ |
| Eat | kolía /kolia/ | ku dia /ku dja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kolya /koʎa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuja /kudʒa/ |
| Drink | komɛ́la /komɛla/ | ku nua /ku nua/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kome'la /komela/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kutoma /kutoma/ |
| Love | bolíngo /boliŋɡo/ | zola /zola/ | zangi /zaŋɡi/ | boláŋo /bolaŋo/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butemwe /butemwe/ |
| Heart | motéma /motema/ | ntima /ntima/ | mutima /mutima/ | mongúma /moŋɡúma/ | umutima /umutima/ | mtima /mtima/ | muchima /mutʃima/ |
| Tree | nzété /nzete/ | nti /nti/ | mutondo /mutondo/ | boléi /boléi/ | umuti /umuti/ | mti /mti/ | kichi /kitʃi/ |
| House | ndáko /ndako/ | nzo /nzo/ | zuvo /zuvo/ | ndako /ndako/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | kaya /kaja/ | nzubo /nzubo/ |
| Dog | mbwá /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | kawa /kawa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ |
| Cat | nyáu /ɲau/ | nyau /ɲau/ | katako /katako/ | nyaú /ɲaú/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | kapuso /kapuso/ |
| Hand | lobɔ́kɔ /lobɔkɔ/ | koko /koko/ | livoko /livoko/ | lokáko /lokáko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | ikobo /ikoβo/ | kuboko /kuboko/ |
| Eye | líso /liso/ | disu /disu/ | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | iriiso /iɾiːso/ | liso /liso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ |
| Hello | mbóte /mbote/ | mboté /mbote/ | mwane /mwane/ | losáko /losáko/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | mwapoñai /mwapoɲai/ |
| Thank you | matɔ́ndɔ /matɔndɔ/ | matondo /matondo/ | nasakwilila /nasakwilila/ | olɛli /olɛli/ | ahsante /ahsante/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | nasakwilila /nasakwilila/ |
| One | mɔ̌kɔ́ /mɔkɔ/ | mosi /mosi/ | -mwe /mwe/ | etomelá /etomelá/ | umwe /umwe/ | imo /imo/ | umo /umo/ |
| Good | malámu /malamu/ | mbote /mbote/ | -mwaza /mwaza/ | mpɔlɔ /mpɔlɔ/ | kihi /kihi/ | lihi /lihi/ | kyawama /kjawama/ |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
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