Кетш мицI

Khinalug

NE Caucasian (isolate within Lezgic / independent branch)

FamilyNE Caucasian (isolate within Lezgic / independent branch) Speakers~3K ScriptCyrillic / Latin (recent) CountriesAzerbaijan (Quba Rayon) Official inNo (village-level local use) ISO 639-3kjj Glottocodekhin1240

Khinalug (self-name Kətş micI "Khinalug tongue") is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by ~3,000 villagers in the isolated mountain village of Khinalug, northern Azerbaijan. Long classified within Lezgic, it is now widely treated as an independent branch — a true language isolate within the family — with four noun classes and roughly 18 cases. Cut off above 2,300 m for much of the year, the village preserved an idiosyncratic vocabulary stratum and an extremely conservative sound system; a Latin orthography was developed in 2007 by Kibrik's Moscow team with local teachers.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Khinalug

Water

хьу

/xu/

Fire

чIаь

/tʃʼæ/

Sun

ынкь

/ɨnqʼ/

Moon

вацI

/vatsʼ/

Star

хьар

/χar/

Mother

/—/

Father

/—/

I

зы

/zɨ/

You

вы

/vɨ/

Name

цӀе

/tsʼe/

Eye

пил

/pʰil/

Hand

кул

/kʰul/

Heart

унг

/uŋ/

Love

/—/

Tree

виши

/viʃæ/

House

цIва

/tsʼwa/

Dog

пхра

/pχra/

Cat

/—/

Eat

кьанды

/qʼandæ/

Drink

цуври

/tsʰuvri/

One

са

/sa/

Two

кьуь

/kʲʼy/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

Good

ксан

/ksan/

Cuckoo

кокку

/kːokːu/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related NE Caucasian (isolate within Lezgic / independent branch) languages

Meaning KhinalugBudukhCaucasian AlbanianHunzibKrytsProto-Uto-AztecanRutul
Water хьу /xu/ хьед /ħed/ xe /xe/ лъи /ɬiː/ xed /xed/ *paʔ /paʔ/ хьед /ħed/
Fire чIаь /tʃʼæ/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ ow /oʊ/ цIə /tsʼə/ ts'a /tsʼa/ *na- /na-/ цӏай /tsʼaj/
Sun ынкь /ɨnqʼ/ рагъ /raʁ/ beɣ /beɣ/ бохъ /boqχ/ vïrïğ /vɨrɨʁ/ *ta /ta/ варагъ /waraʁ/
Moon вацI /vatsʼ/ ваз /vaz/ ḳac̣ḳac̣ /kʼatsʼkʼatsʼ/ боцо /botso/ vats /vats/ *mɨca /mɨca/ ваз /waz/
Star хьар /χar/ хед /χed/ /—/ цӀирис /tsʼiris/ xed /xed/ /—/ хед /χed/
Mother /—/ баб /bab/ nana /nana/ /—/ dada /dada/ /—/ нин /nin/
Father /—/ дада /dada/ baba /baba/ абу /abu/ buba /buba/ /—/ дид /did/
I зы /zɨ/ зы /zɨ/ zu /zu/ дə /də/ zin /zin/ *nɨ /nɨ/ зы /zɨ/
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