Cáuijògà

Kiowa

Kiowa-Tanoan

FamilyKiowa-Tanoan Speakers~50 (critically endangered) ScriptLatin CountriesUSA (Oklahoma) Official inNo (Kiowa Tribe federally recognized; Oklahoma recognizes 39 Indigenous languages) Vitalitycritically endangered ISO 639-3kio

Kiowa (Cáuijògà, "Kiowa speech") is the ancestral language of the Kiowa Nation, originally Plains-buffalo nomads who migrated south from western Montana to Oklahoma in the 18th century, becoming part of the southern Plains horse-warrior culture alongside Comanche and Cheyenne. The Kiowa-Tanoan language family is one of the most fascinating in North America: Kiowa is connected by genealogical relationship to the Tanoan Pueblo languages (Tewa, Tiwa, Towa) of the southwestern US, despite vast geographic separation. Linguistically, Kiowa has classic Tanoan features: tonal (3 tones), nasal vowels, complex verb morphology marking person-number-tense. The language is critically endangered with active revitalization through the Kiowa Tribal Cultural Department.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Kiowa

Water

tóñ

/tʰṍ/

Fire

phi̱

/pʰĩ/

Sun

phî:

/pʰîː/

Moon

phé:

/pʰéː/

Star

t'ǫ́ǫ̀y

/tʼṍːj/

Mother

tsitda

/tsitda/

Father

gò:

/ɡòː/

I

nɔ́ɔ

/nɔ́ː/

You

ám

/ám/

Name

k'ɔ́gyà

/kʼɔ̃́ɡjà/

Eye

tô:

/tôː/

Hand

mò:tʼɔ̄

/mòːtʼɔ̄/

Heart

á:de

/áːde/

Love

gàum

/ɡàum/

Tree

á:du

/áːdu/

House

tóu:

/tóuː/

Dog

tsê:

/tsêː/

Cat

mò:sò

/mòːsò/

Eat

gè:

/ɡèː/

Drink

kʰò:

/kʰòː/

One

páun

/páun/

Two

yíí

/jíː/

Hello

hâ:tô:

/hâːtôː/

Thank you

gàu

/ɡàu/

Good

hôn

/hôn/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Kiowa-Tanoan languages

Meaning KiowaHindiArapahoKurukhNavajoSaramaccanGreek (Ancient)
Water tóñ /tʰṍ/ पानी /paːniː/ nec /netʃ/ अम्म /amm/ /tóː/ wáta /wáta/ ὕδωρ /hýdɔːr/
Fire phi̱ /pʰĩ/ आग /aːɡ/ héétee' /héːteːʔ/ चिच /tʃitʃ/ kǫʼ /kõːʔ/ fáya /fája/ πῦρ /pŷːr/
Sun phî: /pʰîː/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ hiʼíísh /hiʔíːʃ/ बेरी /beɾiː/ jóhonaaʼéí /dʒóhonɑːʔéːí/ masángi /masáŋɡi/ ἥλιος /hɛ́ːlios/
Moon phé: /pʰéː/ चाँद /tʃãːd/ biikóusis /biːkóusis/ चांदो /tʃaːndoː/ tłʼéhonaaʼéí /tɬʼéhonɑːʔéːí/ líba /ˈliba/ σελήνη /selɛ́ːnɛː/
Star t'ǫ́ǫ̀y /tʼṍːj/ तारा /taːɾaː/ ho3o' /hoθoːʔ/ बिनको /binkoː/ sǫʼ /sṍʔ/ teteei /teteːi/ ἀστήρ /astɛ̌ːr/
Mother tsitda /tsitda/ माँ /mãː/ neinó /neinó/ अयो /ajoː/ shimá /ʃimáː/ mama /mama/ μήτηρ /mɛ́ːtɛːr/
Father gò: /ɡòː/ पिता /pitaː/ neisónoo /neisónoː/ बाबा /baːbaː/ shizhéʼé /ʃiʒéːʔéː/ tata /tata/ πατήρ /patɛ́ːr/
I nɔ́ɔ /nɔ́ː/ मैं /mɛ̃ː/ nenee' /nɛnɛːʔ/ एन /eːn/ shí /ʃí/ mi /mi/ ἐγώ /eɡɔ̌ː/
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