Cáuijògà

Kiowa

Kiowa-Tanoan

FamilyKiowa-Tanoan Speakers~50 (critically endangered) ScriptLatin CountriesUSA (Oklahoma Official inUSA (Kiowa Tribe federally recognized; Oklahoma recognizes 39 Indigenous Vitalitycritically-endangered ISO 639-3kio

Kiowa (Cáuijògà, "Kiowa speech") is the ancestral language of the Kiowa Nation, originally Plains-buffalo nomads who migrated south from western Montana to Oklahoma in the 18th century, becoming part of the southern Plains horse-warrior culture alongside Comanche and Cheyenne. The Kiowa-Tanoan language family is one of the most fascinating in North America: Kiowa is connected by genealogical relationship to the Tanoan Pueblo languages (Tewa, Tiwa, Towa) of the southwestern US, despite vast geographic separation. Linguistically, Kiowa has classic Tanoan features: tonal (3 tones), nasal vowels, complex verb morphology marking person-number-tense. The language is critically endangered with active revitalization through the Kiowa Tribal Cultural Department.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Kiowa

Water

ko̱:

/kɔ̃ː/

Fire

phi̱

/pʰĩ/

Sun

phî:

/pʰîː/

Moon

phé:

/pʰéː/

Mother

gì:

/ɡìː/

Father

gò:

/ɡòː/

Eat

gè:

/ɡèː/

Drink

kʰò:

/kʰòː/

Love

gàum

/ɡàum/

Heart

á:de

/áːde/

Tree

á:du

/áːdu/

House

tóu:

/tóuː/

Dog

tsê:

/tsêː/

Cat

mò:sò

/mòːsò/

Hand

mò:tʼɔ̄

/mòːtʼɔ̄/

Eye

tô:

/tôː/

Hello

hâ:tô:

/hâːtôː/

Thank you

gàu

/ɡàu/

One

páun

/páun/

Good

hôn

/hôn/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Kiowa-Tanoan languages

Meaning KiowaLambadiNavajoKurukhHindiSaramaccanArapaho
Water ko̱: /kɔ̃ː/ पानी /paːniː/ /tóː/ ईर् /iːr/ पानी /paːniː/ wáta /wáta/ nec /netʃ/
Fire phi̱ /pʰĩ/ आग /aːɡ/ kǫʼ /kõːʔ/ चिच /tʃitʃ/ आग /aːɡ/ fáya /fája/ héétee' /héːteːʔ/
Sun phî: /pʰîː/ सुरज /suɾədʒ/ jóhonaaʼéí /dʒóhonɑːʔéːí/ बेरी /beɾiː/ सूरज /suːɾəd͡ʒ/ masángi /masáŋɡi/ hiʼíísh /hiʔíːʃ/
Moon phé: /pʰéː/ चांद /tʃãːd/ tłʼéhonaaʼéí /tɬʼéhonɑːʔéːí/ चांदो /tʃaːndoː/ चाँद /t͡ʃãːd/ lúna /lúna/ biikóusis /biːkóusis/
Mother gì: /ɡìː/ मा /maː/ shimá /ʃimáː/ अयो /ajoː/ माँ /mãː/ mama /mama/ neinó /neinó/
Father gò: /ɡòː/ बाप /baːp/ shizhéʼé /ʃiʒéːʔéː/ बाबा /baːbaː/ पिता /pitaː/ tata /tata/ neisónoo /neisónoː/
Eat gè: /ɡèː/ खा /kʰaː/ yishą́ /jiʃã́ː/ ओनना /onːaː/ खाना /kʰaːnaː/ njá /ɲá/ betébí /betébí/
Drink kʰò: /kʰòː/ पी /piː/ yishdlą́ /jiʃtɬã́ː/ ओंकना /oŋkːnaː/ पीना /piːnaː/ biíki /biíki/ bénee /bénéː/
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