Arpitan

Romance (Gallo-Romance)

FamilyRomance (Gallo-Romance) Speakers~150K ScriptLatin (multiple orthographies; ORB standard) CountriesFrance Official inItaly (Aosta — co-official) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3frp

Franco-Provençal (Arpitan / Patouès) is a Gallo-Romance language with ~140K speakers — France (Rhône-Alpes, Lyon-Saint-Étienne historical core, Forez, Bresse), Switzerland (Romandy beyond Geneva: Vaud, Fribourg, Valais, Neuchâtel), and Italy (Aosta Valley where it has regional co-official status alongside French and Italian, plus pockets in Piedmont and the Apulian Faeto/Celle exclaves). Distinct from both French (langue d'oïl) and Occitan (langue d'oc); the linguistic name "Franco-Provençal" was coined by Italian linguist Graziadio Ascoli in 1873 to capture its intermediate position. Marked by retention of Latin /a/ unlike northern French (canTAre > chanTÉ in French but chanTÁ in Arpitan), and palatalization patterns. UNESCO severely endangered. Cultural revival through the Arpitan Cultural Federation (Aliance Culturèla Arpitana) since 2004 and Aosta Valley schools.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Arpitan

Water

égoua

/eɡwɔ/

Fire

fuè

/fwɛ/

Sun

solely

/sɔlɛj/

Moon

lena

/lənə/

Mother

mâre

/mar/

Father

pâre

/par/

Eat

mengiér

/mendʒje/

Drink

bêre

/beːr/

Love

amor

/amur/

Heart

côr

/kɔr/

Tree

âbro

/abru/

House

mêson

/meːzɔ̃/

Dog

chen

/tʃɛ̃/

Cat

chat

/tʃa/

Hand

man

/mã/

Eye

uely

/œj/

Hello

adiô

/adjo/

Thank you

mèrci

/mɛrsi/

One

yon

/jɔ̃/

Good

bon

/bɔ̃/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Romance (Gallo-Romance) languages

Meaning ArpitanFrench (Québec)Classical French (17c., Bel Usage)FrenchFrench (African)French (Belgian)French (Swiss)
Water égoua /eɡwɔ/ eau /o/ eau /o/ eau /o/ eau /o/ eau /o/ eau /o/
Fire fuè /fwɛ/ feu /fø/ feu /fø/ feu /fø/ feu /fø/ feu /fø/ feu /fø/
Sun solely /sɔlɛj/ soleil /sɔlɛj/ soleil /sɔlɛj/ soleil /sɔlɛj/ soleil /sɔlɛj/ soleil /sɔlɛj/ soleil /sɔlɛj/
Moon lena /lənə/ lune /lʏn/ lune /lyn/ lune /lyn/ lune /lyn/ lune /lyn/ lune /lyn/
Mother mâre /mar/ mère /mɛːʁ/ mère /mɛːr/ mère /mɛʁ/ mère /mɛʁ/ mère /mɛʁ/ mère /mɛʁ/
Father pâre /par/ père /pɛːʁ/ père /pɛːr/ père /pɛʁ/ père /pɛʁ/ père /pɛʁ/ père /pɛʁ/
Eat mengiér /mendʒje/ manger /mɑ̃ʒe/ manger /mɑ̃ʒe/ manger /mɑ̃ʒe/ manger /mɑ̃ʒe/ manger /mɑ̃ʒe/ manger /mɑ̃ʒe/
Drink bêre /beːr/ boire /bwɑːʁ/ boire /bweːr/ boire /bwaʁ/ boire /bwaʁ/ boire /bwaʁ/ boire /bwaʁ/
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