𒁹𒋾𒈠𒋾
Elamite
Language isolate (Elamite) · historical / hidden variety
Elamite is a language isolate of ancient Elam in southwestern Iran (modern Khuzestan and Fars), spoken from at least the 3rd millennium BCE until c. 6th century BCE — and used as one of three administrative languages of the Achaemenid Empire (with Old Persian and Akkadian) until the 4th century BCE. Three distinct script traditions: Proto-Elamite (~3100 BCE, still undeciphered, the oldest writing of Iran), Linear Elamite (~2200 BCE, partially deciphered in the 2020s by Desset, Vidale et al.), and the Akkadian-style Elamite cuneiform used most extensively, including in the Persepolis Fortification archive of ~30,000 administrative tablets and the trilingual Behistun Inscription of Darius I.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Elamite
Water
𒄭
/hi/
Fire
𒉺𒅈
/par/
Sun
𒀭𒈾𒄴𒄭𒌅
/nahhunte/
Moon
𒀭𒈾𒁉𒅕
/napir/
Mother
𒀀𒈠
/amma/
Father
𒀜𒋫
/atta/
Eat
𒄩𒊭
/haʃ/
Drink
𒉡
/nu/
Love
𒇷𒅗
/lik/
Heart
𒌋𒄭
/ulhi/
Tree
𒄷𒌅𒆪
/hutk/
House
𒄩𒀠
/hal/
Dog
𒆪𒌅
/kut/
Cat
𒋾𒅗𒊏
/tiɡra/
Hand
𒆪𒋗
/kuʃu/
Eye
𒌅𒆠
/tukːi/
Hello
𒅆𒅋𒄩
/ʃilha/
Thank you
𒇷𒄩𒊑
/lihari/
One
𒆠𒅕
/kir/
Good
𒊒𒄷
/ruːhuː/
Sources
- Stolper (2004) Elamite (in Woodard, Cambridge Encyclopedia of Ancient Languages)
- Khačikjan (1998) The Elamite Language
- Glottolog: elam1244
Words compared
Compared with related Language isolate (Elamite) languages
| Meaning | Elamite | Tuvaluan | Proto-Ryukyuan | Pukapukan | Karachay-Balkar | Burushaski | Tamasheq (Tuareg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | 𒄭 /hi/ | vai /vai/ | *midu /midu/ | wai /wai/ | суу /suw/ | čhil /ʈʂʰil/ | aman /aman/ |
| Fire | 𒉺𒅈 /par/ | afi /afi/ | *pii /piː/ | yayi /ˈjaji/ | от /ot/ | phu /pʰu/ | tǝmsi /təmsi/ |
| Sun | 𒀭𒈾𒄴𒄭𒌅 /nahhunte/ | laa /laː/ | *teda /teda/ | la /la/ | кюн /kyn/ | sá /saː/ | tafuk /tafuk/ |
| Moon | 𒀭𒈾𒁉𒅕 /napir/ | masina /masina/ | *tuki /tuki/ | malama /maˈlama/ | ай /aj/ | hálance /halantse/ | ayor /ajor/ |
| Mother | 𒀀𒈠 /amma/ | maatua /maːtua/ | *amma /amma/ | mama /ˈmama/ | ана /ana/ | ámi /ami/ | anna /anːa/ |
| Father | 𒀜𒋫 /atta/ | tamana /tamana/ | *aja /aja/ | matua /maˈtua/ | ата /ata/ | ússa /usːa/ | abba /abba/ |
| Eat | 𒄩𒊭 /haʃ/ | kai /kai/ | *kam- /kam/ | kai /kai/ | ашаргъа /aʃarʁa/ | ši- /ʂi/ | ekš /əkʃ/ |
| Drink | 𒉡 /nu/ | inu /inu/ | *num- /num/ | inu /ˈinu/ | ичерге /itʃerɡe/ | minas /minas/ | esu /əsu/ |
| Love | 𒇷𒅗 /lik/ | alofa /alofa/ | — /—/ | aloha /aˈloha/ | сюймеклик /syjmeklik/ | yarum /jarum/ | tara /tara/ |
| Heart | 𒌋𒄭 /ulhi/ | fatu /fatu/ | *kimu /kimu/ | loto /ˈloto/ | джюрек /dʒyrek/ | -us /us/ | ul /ul/ |
| Tree | 𒄷𒌅𒆪 /hutk/ | laakau /laːkau/ | *kii /kiː/ | lākau /laːˈkau/ | терек /terek/ | tom /tom/ | ašǝk /aʃək/ |
| House | 𒄩𒀠 /hal/ | fale /fale/ | *yaa /jaː/ | wale /ˈwale/ | юй /yj/ | ha /ha/ | ehǝn /ehən/ |
| Dog | 𒆪𒌅 /kut/ | kuli /kuli/ | *in /in/ | kulī /kuˈliː/ | ит /it/ | huk /huk/ | aydi /ajdi/ |
| Cat | 𒋾𒅗𒊏 /tiɡra/ | pusi /pusi/ | *maja /maja/ | pusi /ˈpusi/ | киштик /kiʃtik/ | bushi /buʂi/ | amuš /amuʃ/ |
| Hand | 𒆪𒋗 /kuʃu/ | lima /lima/ | *tii /tiː/ | lima /ˈlima/ | къол /qol/ | -rin /rin/ | afus /afus/ |
| Eye | 𒌅𒆠 /tukːi/ | mata /mata/ | *mii /miː/ | mata /ˈmata/ | кёз /køz/ | -lčin /lʈʂin/ | tiṭṭ /titˤː/ |
| Hello | 𒅆𒅋𒄩 /ʃilha/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | — /—/ | kia orana /kia oˈɾana/ | салам /salam/ | šuá /ʂuaː/ | mâ təlla /ma təlːa/ |
| Thank you | 𒇷𒄩𒊑 /lihari/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | — /—/ | meitaki /meiˈtaki/ | сау бол /saw bol/ | shukria /ʃukrija/ | tanǝmmirt /tanəmːiɾt/ |
| One | 𒆠𒅕 /kir/ | tasi /tasi/ | *pitu /pitu/ | tayi /ˈtaji/ | бир /bir/ | hin /hin/ | iyǝn /ijən/ |
| Good | 𒊒𒄷 /ruːhuː/ | lei /lei/ | *masi /maɕi/ | lelei /leˈlei/ | ариу /ariw/ | shua /ʂua/ | ihossǝn /ihosːən/ |
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