𒁹𒋾𒈠𒋾

Elamite

Language isolate (Elamite) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyLanguage isolate (Elamite) SpeakersExtinct ScriptCuneiform CountriesElam (modern Khuzestan and Fars provinces of Iran, parts of Iraq) Official inElamite kingdoms Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3elx

Elamite is a language isolate of ancient Elam in southwestern Iran (modern Khuzestan and Fars), spoken from at least the 3rd millennium BCE until c. 6th century BCE — and used as one of three administrative languages of the Achaemenid Empire (with Old Persian and Akkadian) until the 4th century BCE. Three distinct script traditions: Proto-Elamite (~3100 BCE, still undeciphered, the oldest writing of Iran), Linear Elamite (~2200 BCE, partially deciphered in the 2020s by Desset, Vidale et al.), and the Akkadian-style Elamite cuneiform used most extensively, including in the Persepolis Fortification archive of ~30,000 administrative tablets and the trilingual Behistun Inscription of Darius I.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Elamite

Water

𒄭

/hi/

Fire

𒉺𒅈

/par/

Sun

𒀭𒈾𒄴𒄭𒌅

/nahhunte/

Moon

𒀭𒈾𒁉𒅕

/napir/

Star

𒀯

/mul/

Mother

𒀀𒈠

/amma/

Father

𒀜𒋫

/atta/

I

𒌋

/u/

You

𒉡

/nu/

Name

𒄭𒅖

/hiʃ/

Eye

𒌅𒆠

/tukːi/

Hand

𒆪𒋗

/kuʃu/

Heart

𒌋𒄭

/ulhi/

Love

𒇷𒅗

/lik/

Tree

𒄷𒌅𒆪

/hutk/

House

𒄩𒀠

/hal/

Dog

𒆪𒌅

/kut/

Cat

𒋾𒅗𒊏

/tiɡra/

Eat

𒄩𒊭

/haʃ/

Drink

𒉡

/nu/

One

𒆠𒅕

/kir/

Two

𒈫

/min/

Hello

𒅆𒅋𒄩

/ʃilha/

Thank you

𒇷𒄩𒊑

/lihari/

Good

𒊒𒄷

/ruːhuː/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Language isolate (Elamite) languages

Meaning ElamiteSumerianTuvaluanPukapukanNiueanHurrianJola-Fonyi
Water 𒄭 /hi/ 𒀀 /a/ vai /vai/ wai /wai/ vai /vai/ 𒅆𒂊 /ʃie/ mumel /mumel/
Fire 𒉺𒅈 /par/ 𒉈 /izi/ afi /afi/ awi /ˈawi/ afi /afi/ 𒋫𒌅 /tatu/ sambun /sambun/
Sun 𒀭𒈾𒄴𒄭𒌅 /nahhunte/ 𒌓 /utu/ laa /laː/ la /la/ /laː/ 𒅆𒈨𒄀 /ʃimeɡi/ funak /funak/
Moon 𒀭𒈾𒁉𒅕 /napir/ 𒌗 /itud/ masina /masina/ malama /maˈlama/ mahina /mahina/ 𒆪𒋢𒄴 /kuʃuh/ furu /furu/
Star 𒀯 /mul/ 𒀯 /mul/ fetū /feˈtuː/ wetū /wetuː/ fetū /feˈtuː/ 𒀯𒄭 /mulhi/ sili /sili/
Mother 𒀀𒈠 /amma/ 𒂼 /ama/ maatua /maːtua/ mama /ˈmama/ matua fifine /matua fifine/ 𒂊𒈾 /ena/ ino /ino/
Father 𒀜𒋫 /atta/ 𒀊𒁀 /abːa/ tamana /tamana/ matua /maˈtua/ matua taane /matua taːne/ 𒀜𒋫𒀀𒄿 /attai/ ampa /ampa/
I 𒌋 /u/ 𒂷 /ŋe/ au /au/ au /au/ au /au/ 𒅖𒋼 /iʃte/ iñje /iɲɟe/
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