𒁹𒋾𒈠𒋾
Elamite
Language isolate (Elamite) · historical / hidden variety
Elamite is a language isolate of ancient Elam in southwestern Iran (modern Khuzestan and Fars), spoken from at least the 3rd millennium BCE until c. 6th century BCE — and used as one of three administrative languages of the Achaemenid Empire (with Old Persian and Akkadian) until the 4th century BCE. Three distinct script traditions: Proto-Elamite (~3100 BCE, still undeciphered, the oldest writing of Iran), Linear Elamite (~2200 BCE, partially deciphered in the 2020s by Desset, Vidale et al.), and the Akkadian-style Elamite cuneiform used most extensively, including in the Persepolis Fortification archive of ~30,000 administrative tablets and the trilingual Behistun Inscription of Darius I.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Elamite
Water
𒄭
/hi/
Fire
𒉺𒅈
/par/
Sun
𒀭𒈾𒄴𒄭𒌅
/nahhunte/
Moon
𒀭𒈾𒁉𒅕
/napir/
Star
𒀯
/mul/
Mother
𒀀𒈠
/amma/
Father
𒀜𒋫
/atta/
I
𒌋
/u/
You
𒉡
/nu/
Name
𒄭𒅖
/hiʃ/
Eye
𒌅𒆠
/tukːi/
Hand
𒆪𒋗
/kuʃu/
Heart
𒌋𒄭
/ulhi/
Love
𒇷𒅗
/lik/
Tree
𒄷𒌅𒆪
/hutk/
House
𒄩𒀠
/hal/
Dog
𒆪𒌅
/kut/
Cat
𒋾𒅗𒊏
/tiɡra/
Eat
𒄩𒊭
/haʃ/
Drink
𒉡
/nu/
One
𒆠𒅕
/kir/
Two
𒈫
/min/
Hello
𒅆𒅋𒄩
/ʃilha/
Thank you
𒇷𒄩𒊑
/lihari/
Good
𒊒𒄷
/ruːhuː/
Sources
- Stolper (2004) Elamite (in Woodard, Cambridge Encyclopedia of Ancient Languages)
- Khačikjan (1998) The Elamite Language
- Glottolog: elam1244
Words compared
Compared with related Language isolate (Elamite) languages
| Meaning | Elamite | Sumerian | Tuvaluan | Pukapukan | Niuean | Hurrian | Jola-Fonyi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | 𒄭 /hi/ | 𒀀 /a/ | vai /vai/ | wai /wai/ | vai /vai/ | 𒅆𒂊 /ʃie/ | mumel /mumel/ |
| Fire | 𒉺𒅈 /par/ | 𒉈 /izi/ | afi /afi/ | awi /ˈawi/ | afi /afi/ | 𒋫𒌅 /tatu/ | sambun /sambun/ |
| Sun | 𒀭𒈾𒄴𒄭𒌅 /nahhunte/ | 𒌓 /utu/ | laa /laː/ | la /la/ | lā /laː/ | 𒅆𒈨𒄀 /ʃimeɡi/ | funak /funak/ |
| Moon | 𒀭𒈾𒁉𒅕 /napir/ | 𒌗 /itud/ | masina /masina/ | malama /maˈlama/ | mahina /mahina/ | 𒆪𒋢𒄴 /kuʃuh/ | furu /furu/ |
| Star | 𒀯 /mul/ | 𒀯 /mul/ | fetū /feˈtuː/ | wetū /wetuː/ | fetū /feˈtuː/ | 𒀯𒄭 /mulhi/ | sili /sili/ |
| Mother | 𒀀𒈠 /amma/ | 𒂼 /ama/ | maatua /maːtua/ | mama /ˈmama/ | matua fifine /matua fifine/ | 𒂊𒈾 /ena/ | ino /ino/ |
| Father | 𒀜𒋫 /atta/ | 𒀊𒁀 /abːa/ | tamana /tamana/ | matua /maˈtua/ | matua taane /matua taːne/ | 𒀜𒋫𒀀𒄿 /attai/ | ampa /ampa/ |
| I | 𒌋 /u/ | 𒂷 /ŋe/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | 𒅖𒋼 /iʃte/ | iñje /iɲɟe/ |
| You | 𒉡 /nu/ | 𒍝𒂊 /zae/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | 𒉿 /we/ | au /au/ |
| Name | 𒄭𒅖 /hiʃ/ | 𒈬 /mu/ | igoa /iˈŋoa/ | ingoa /iŋoa/ | higoa /hiˈŋoa/ | 𒋾𒊺 /tiʒe/ | eriñ /eriɲ/ |
| Eye | 𒌅𒆠 /tukːi/ | 𒅊 /iɡi/ | mata /mata/ | mata /ˈmata/ | mata /mata/ | 𒁍𒊑 /furi/ | u-kil /ukil/ |
| Hand | 𒆪𒋗 /kuʃu/ | 𒋗 /ʃu/ | lima /lima/ | lima /ˈlima/ | lima /lima/ | 𒋗𒉌 /ʃuni/ | bu-kal /bukal/ |
| Heart | 𒌋𒄭 /ulhi/ | 𒊮 /ʃa/ | fatu /fatu/ | loto /ˈloto/ | fatu /fatu/ | 𒋾𒊭 /tiʃa/ | pu-ngor /puŋɡor/ |
| Love | 𒇷𒅗 /lik/ | 𒆠𒀀𒄀 /ki.aŋ/ | alofa /alofa/ | aloa /aˈloa/ | fakaalofa /fakaalofa/ | 𒋫𒁺 /tadu/ | bu-yopo /bujopo/ |
| Tree | 𒄷𒌅𒆪 /hutk/ | 𒄑 /ŋeʃ/ | laakau /laːkau/ | lākau /laːˈkau/ | akau /akau/ | 𒋫𒁉 /tappi/ | bu-rok /burok/ |
| House | 𒄩𒀠 /hal/ | 𒂍 /e/ | fale /fale/ | wale /ˈwale/ | fale /fale/ | 𒅁𒊑 /ipri/ | e-laaf /elaːf/ |
| Dog | 𒆪𒌅 /kut/ | 𒌨 /ur/ | kuli /kuli/ | kulī /kuˈliː/ | kuli /kuli/ | 𒅕𒈠 /irma/ | e-buy /ebuj/ |
| Cat | 𒋾𒅗𒊏 /tiɡra/ | 𒌓𒊬 /ʃa.tur/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /ˈpusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | 𒊭𒉿𒍣 /ʃawazi/ | e-busa /ebusa/ |
| Eat | 𒄩𒊭 /haʃ/ | 𒅥 /ɡu/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | 𒄠 /am/ | e-ri /eri/ |
| Drink | 𒉡 /nu/ | 𒅘 /naŋ/ | inu /inu/ | inu /ˈinu/ | inu /inu/ | 𒈾𒄴𒉿 /nahw/ | ka-piti /kapiti/ |
| One | 𒆠𒅕 /kir/ | 𒀸 /diʃ/ | tasi /tasi/ | tayi /ˈtaji/ | taha /taha/ | 𒊭 /ʃa/ | enor /enor/ |
| Two | 𒈫 /min/ | 𒈫 /min/ | lua /ˈlua/ | lua /lua/ | ua /ua/ | 𒅆𒉌 /ʃini/ | sikaba /sikaba/ |
| Hello | 𒅆𒅋𒄩 /ʃilha/ | 𒁲 /silim/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | kia orana /kia oˈɾana/ | fakaalofa atu /fakaalofa atu/ | 𒄭𒇻 /hilːu/ | kasumay /kasumaj/ |
| Thank you | 𒇷𒄩𒊑 /lihari/ | — /—/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | meitaki /meiˈtaki/ | fakaaue /fakaaue/ | 𒀀𒅆 /aʃi/ | abara'k /abaɾaʔk/ |
| Good | 𒊒𒄷 /ruːhuː/ | 𒊩𒌆 /sig/ | lei /lei/ | lelei /leˈlei/ | mitaki /mitaki/ | 𒀀𒍣 /aʦi/ | esum /esum/ |
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