Bidayuh Bukar-Sadong
Bukar-Sadong Bidayuh
Austronesian (Land Dayak, Bidayuhic)
Bukar-Sadong is the largest Bidayuh (Land Dayak) variety, spoken inland from Kuching in Sarawak’s Serian Division. Like other Bidayuhic languages it has a small phoneme inventory but a famously rich set of final glottal stops and nasal codas; the Bukar-Sadong orthography developed by the Bidayuh Language Development Project serves as the basis for the unified school Bidayuh.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Bukar-Sadong Bidayuh
Water
piin
/piːn/
Fire
apui
/aˈpui/
Sun
biduh
/biˈduh/
Moon
bulan
/buˈlan/
Mother
sindo
/sinˈdoʔ/
Father
samah
/saˈmah/
Eat
kuman
/kuˈman/
Drink
ŋinum
/ŋiˈnum/
Love
—
/—/
Heart
—
/—/
Tree
kayuh
/kaˈjuh/
House
ramin
/raˈmin/
Dog
kaso
/kaˈsoʔ/
Cat
—
/—/
Hand
təŋən
/tə̆ˈŋən/
Eye
baten
/baˈten/
Hello
—
/—/
Thank you
—
/—/
One
isaʔ
/iˈsaʔ/
Good
biis
/biːs/
Sources
- Topping, Donald M. (1970) A Linguistic Analysis of Bukar Sadong. Sarawak Museum Journal.
- Rensch, Calvin R. et al. (2012) The Bidayuh Language: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. SIL.
- Glottolog: Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Land Dayak, Bidayuhic) languages
| Meaning | Bukar-Sadong Bidayuh | Kavalan | Babuza (Favorlang) | Makasae | Matsés | Dyirbal | Kulon-Pazeh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | piin /piːn/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | zalum /zalum/ | ira /ˈira/ | mapi /maˈpi/ | bana /ˈbana/ | dalum /da.lum/ |
| Fire | apui /aˈpui/ | ramax /raˈmax/ | apoi /apoi/ | ata /ˈata/ | tsibo /tsiˈbo/ | buni /ˈbuni/ | hapuy /ha.puj/ |
| Sun | biduh /biˈduh/ | siban /siˈban/ | — /—/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | šëdo /ʂɨˈdo/ | garri /ˈɡari/ | rizax /ɾi.zax/ |
| Moon | bulan /buˈlan/ | buran /buˈran/ | zilias /siliəs/ | uru /ˈuru/ | use /uˈse/ | gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ | ilas /i.las/ |
| Mother | sindo /sinˈdoʔ/ | tina /ˈtina/ | tina /tina/ | ina /ˈina/ | ëna /ɨˈna/ | gumbu /ˈɡumbu/ | ina /i.na/ |
| Father | samah /saˈmah/ | tama /ˈtama/ | tama /tama/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | papa /paˈpa/ | ngumi /ˈŋumi/ | aba /a.ba/ |
| Eat | kuman /kuˈman/ | quman /quˈman/ | maan /maːn/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | pe- /pe/ | janganyu /ɟaŋˈaɲu/ | mekan /mə.kan/ |
| Drink | ŋinum /ŋiˈnum/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | minum /minum/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | ak- /ak/ | jiwuli /ɟiˈwuli/ | mimaazip /mi.maː.zip/ |
| Love | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Heart | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | šobi /ʂoˈbi/ | mugu /ˈmuɡu/ | baga /ba.ɡa/ |
| Tree | kayuh /kaˈjuh/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | kayu /kaju/ | ate /ˈate/ | mado /maˈdo/ | yugu /ˈjuɡu/ | kahuy /ka.huj/ |
| House | ramin /raˈmin/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | ruma /ruma/ | oma /ˈoma/ | šobo /ʂoˈbo/ | mija /ˈmiɟa/ | xuma /xu.ma/ |
| Dog | kaso /kaˈsoʔ/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | asu /asu/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | opa /oˈpa/ | guda /ˈɡuda/ | wazu /wa.zu/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Hand | təŋən /tə̆ˈŋən/ | rima /riˈma/ | rima /rima/ | tana /ˈtana/ | mëbi /mɨˈbi/ | mala /ˈmala/ | rima /ɾi.ma/ |
| Eye | baten /baˈten/ | mata /maˈta/ | macha /matʃa/ | nana /ˈnana/ | bëdi /bɨˈdi/ | jili /ˈɟili/ | daurik /da.u.ɾik/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| One | isaʔ /iˈsaʔ/ | issa /ˈissa/ | nata /nata/ | u /ʔu/ | pazë /paˈzɨ/ | yara /ˈjara/ | adang /a.daŋ/ |
| Good | biis /biːs/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | rau /rau/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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