Makasae

Trans-New Guinea (Timor-Alor-Pantar, Eastern Timor)

FamilyTrans-New Guinea (Timor-Alor-Pantar, Eastern Timor) Speakers~100K ScriptLatin CountriesTimor-Leste (Baucau and Viqueque municipalities) Official inNo (Tetum and Portuguese are official; Makasae has recognized regional status) ISO 639-3mkz Glottocodemaka1316

Makasae is the most widely spoken Papuan (non-Austronesian) language west of mainland New Guinea, with roughly 100,000 speakers in the Baucau and Viqueque municipalities of eastern Timor-Leste. It belongs to the Eastern-Timor branch of the Timor-Alor-Pantar (Trans-New Guinea) family, closest to Makalero (with which it forms a dialect chain), then Fataluku and Oirata. Makasae is strongly isolating with SOV word order, and contains a heavy Austronesian loan layer from Tetum and the Kawaimina languages.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Makasae

Water

ira

/ˈira/

Fire

ata

/ˈata/

Sun

watu

/ˈwatu/

Moon

uru

/ˈuru/

Star

ipi

/ipi/

Mother

ina

/ˈina/

Father

baba

/ˈbaba/

I

ani

/ani/

You

ai

/ai/

Name

naran

/naran/

Eye

nana

/ˈnana/

Hand

tana

/ˈtana/

Heart

/—/

Love

/—/

Tree

ate

/ˈate/

House

oma

/ˈoma/

Dog

defa

/ˈdɛfa/

Cat

/—/

Eat

nawa

/ˈnawa/

Drink

gehe

/ˈɡɛhɛ/

One

u

/ʔu/

Two

lolae

/loˈlae/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

Good

rau

/rau/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Trans-New Guinea (Timor-Alor-Pantar, Eastern Timor) languages

Meaning MakasaeKavalanDyirbalLuwianBukar-Sadong BidayuhWalmajarriAbau
Water ira /ˈira/ zanum /zaˈnum/ bana /ˈbana/ wār /waːr/ piin /piːn/ ngapa /ˈŋapa/ hu /hu/
Fire ata /ˈata/ ramaz /raˈmaz/ buni /ˈbuni/ /—/ apui /aˈpui/ warlu /ˈwaɭu/ ya /ja/
Sun watu /ˈwatu/ siban /siˈban/ garri /ˈɡari/ 𔖖𔓚 /ˈtiwad/ biduh /biˈduh/ ngalyarra /ŋaˈʎara/ ey /ej/
Moon uru /ˈuru/ buran /buˈran/ gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ 𔓜𔒄𔗦 /ˈarmas/ bulan /buˈlan/ pira /ˈpira/ yen /jɛn/
Star ipi /ipi/ bituqan /bituqan/ gijiny /ɡiɟiɲ/ /—/ bitun /bitun/ wirl /wiɭ/ por /por/
Mother ina /ˈina/ tina /ˈtina/ gumbu /ˈɡumbu/ anni- /ˈanni/ sindo /sinˈdoʔ/ ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ ipey /ˈipej/
Father baba /ˈbaba/ tama /ˈtama/ ngumi /ˈŋumi/ 𔐞𔑣𔓯𔗔 /ˈtadis/ samah /saˈmah/ kirta /ˈkiʈa/ aio /aˈio/
I ani /ani/ aiku /aiku/ ngaja /ŋaɟa/ 𔐀 /ˈamu/ aku /aku/ ngaju /ŋaɟu/ hane /hane/
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