خليجي

Gulf Arabic

Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Semitic) Speakers~36M (Gulf Arabic) ScriptArabic script (Naskh) CountriesQatar Official inNot official (Modern Standard Arabic is official in constituent countries)

Gulf Arabic (Khaleeji) is a continuum of Peninsular Arabic dialects spoken from southern Iraq and Kuwait along the western Gulf coast through eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and northern Oman. It includes sedentary and Bedouin-derived varieties and significant local differences, so Qatari, Kuwaiti, Bahraini, Emirati, and Omani speech are not interchangeable versions of one fixed standard. Widespread but variable features include historical /q/ pronounced [ɡ], affrication of /k/ in particular phonological and social settings, and distinct sets of pronouns and verbal endings. Maritime trade and migration have contributed vocabulary from Persian, South Asian languages, Swahili, and, more recently, English. Gulf Arabic is used mainly in everyday speech and popular media; Modern Standard Arabic serves formal writing and official functions, while informal dialect writing uses Arabic script without a single standardized spelling.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Gulf Arabic

Water

ماء

/maːʔ/

Fire

نار

/naːr/

Sun

شمس

/ʃɑms/

Moon

قمر

/gɑmɑr/

Star

نجمة

/nɪjma/

Mother

أم

/ʔoːm/

Father

أب

/ʔɑb/

I

أنا

/aːna/

You

إنت

/inta/

Name

اسم

/isim/

Eye

عين

/ʕajn/

Hand

يد

/jɑd/

Heart

قلب

/qɑlb/

Love

حب

/ħɑb/

Tree

شجرة

/ʃɑʒɑra/

House

بيت

/bejt/

Dog

كلب

/kalb/

Cat

قطة

/gɪtːa/

Eat

أكل

/ʔɑkɑl/

Drink

شرب

/ʃɑrɑb/

One

واحد

/wɑːħɪd/

Two

اثنين

/θneːn/

Hello

السلام عليكم

/assalaːmu ʕaleːkum/

Thank you

شكراً

/ʃʊkrɑn/

Good

حسن

/ħɑsan/

Cuckoo

وَقْوَاق

/waqˈwaːq/

Computer

كمبيوتر

/kambjuːtar/

Sushi

سوشي

/suːʃi/

Words compared

Compared with related Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) languages

Meaning Gulf ArabicArabic (Yemeni)Omani Arabic (Hijazi-Omani)Libyan ArabicArabic (MSA)Jordanian ArabicBahrani Arabic
Water ماء /maːʔ/ ماء /mɑːʔ/ ماي /maːj/ مية /majja/ ماء /maːʔ/ ماي /maːj/ ماء / مي /mɑːʔ / miː/
Fire نار /naːr/ نار /naːr/ نار /naːɾ/ نار /naːr/ نار /naːr/ نار /naːɾ/ نار /nɑːr/
Sun شمس /ʃɑms/ شمس /ʃɑms/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃəmːɛs/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃæms/
Moon قمر /gɑmɑr/ قمر /ɡɑmɑr/ قمر /ɡamaɾ/ قمر /ɡəmɛr/ قمر /qamar/ قمر /ɡamar/ قمر / چمر /qɑmɑr / tʃɑmɑr/
Star نجمة /nɪjma/ نجمة /ˈnadʒmah/ نجمة /nedʒma/ نجمة /nədʒma/ نجم /nadʒm/ نجمة /nadʒme/ نجمة /nɪdʒma/
Mother أم /ʔoːm/ أم /ʔɪmm/ أم /ʔumm/ أم /ʔɛmm/ أم /ʔumm/ أم /ʔumː/ أم / أمي /ʔəm / ʔæmːi/
Father أب /ʔɑb/ أب /ʔɑb/ أب /ʔab/ أب /ʔab/ أب /ʔab/ أب /ʔabː/ أب / أبو /ʔəb / ʔæbu/
I أنا /aːna/ انا /ʔana/ أنا /ana/ أنا /aːna/ أنا /ʔana/ أنا /ʔana/ أنا /aːna/
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