한자훈 / 새김
Korean Hanja-hun (native reading)
Koreanic > Korean (native reading layer)
Hanja-hun (한자훈, 새김) is the native Korean reading of a Han character — the inherited Korean word for the concept the character represents, as opposed to Hanja-eum (Sino-Korean borrowed pronunciation). In Korean Hanja dictionaries each character is given with hun + eum: e.g. 山 = 메 san (mountain).
Where it is spoken
Han character readings in Korean Hanja-hun (native reading)
| Character | Meaning | Reading | Form | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一 | one | 한han | /han/ | |
| 二 | two | 두du | /tu/ | |
| 三 | three | 세se | /se/ | |
| 四 | four | 네ne | /nɛ/ | |
| 五 | five | 다섯daseot | /tasʌt̚/ | |
| 六 | six | 여섯yeoseot | /jʌsʌt̚/ | |
| 七 | seven | 일곱ilgop | /ilɡop̚/ | |
| 八 | eight | 여덟yeodeol | /jʌdʌl/ | |
| 九 | nine | 아홉ahop | /ahop̚/ | |
| 十 | ten | 열yeol | /jʌl/ | |
| 日 | sun | 날nal | /nal/ | |
| 月 | moon | 달dal | /tal/ | |
| 山 | mountain | 메me | /me/ | |
| 水 | water | 물mul | /mul/ | |
| 火 | fire | 불bul | /pul/ | |
| 木 | tree | 나무namu | /namu/ | |
| 土 | soil | 흙heuk | /hɯk̚/ | |
| 天 | sky | 하늘haneul | /hanɯl/ | |
| 地 | ground | 땅ttang | /t͈aŋ/ | |
| 海 | sea | 바다bada | /pada/ | |
| 龍 | dragon | 미르mireu | /miɾɯ/ | |
| 虎 | tiger | 범beom | /pʌm/ | |
| 犬 | dog | 개gae | /kɛ/ | |
| 馬 | horse | 말mal | /mal/ | |
| 鳥 | bird | 새sae | /sɛ/ | |
| 魚 | fish | 물고기mulgogi | /mulɡoɡi/ | |
| 牛 | ox | 소so | /so/ | |
| 羊 | sheep | 양yang | /jaŋ/ | |
| 貓 | cat | 고양이goyangi | /kojaŋi/ | |
| 人 | person | 사람saram | /saɾam/ | |
| 手 | hand | 손son | /son/ | |
| 足 | foot | 발bal | /pal/ | |
| 目 | eye | 눈nun | /nun/ | |
| 耳 | ear | 귀gwi | /kwi/ | |
| 口 | mouth | 입ip | /ip̚/ | |
| 頭 | head | 머리meori | /mʌɾi/ | |
| 心 | heart | 마음maeum | /maɯm/ | |
| 血 | blood | 피pi | /pʰi/ | |
| 肉 | meat | 살sal | /sal/ | |
| 上 | up | 위wi | /wi/ | |
| 下 | down | 아래arae | /aɾɛ/ | |
| 中 | middle | 가운데gaunde | /kaundɛ/ | |
| 中 | hit | 맞을majeul | /madʑɯl/ | |
| 左 | left | 왼oen | /wen/ | |
| 右 | right | 오른oreun | /oɾɯn/ | |
| 東 | east | 샛saet | /sɛt̚/ | |
| 西 | west | 하늬hanui | /hanɰi/ | |
| 南 | south | 맞바matpa | /mat̚p͈a/ | |
| 北 | north | 된doen | /tøn/ | |
| 行 | go | 다닐danil | /tanil/ | |
| 行 | row | 행할haenghal | /hɛŋhal/ | |
| 来 | come | 올ol | /ol/ | |
| 去 | leave | 갈gal | /kal/ | |
| 見 | see | 볼bol | /pol/ | |
| 聞 | hear | 들을deureul | /tɯɾɯl/ | |
| 食 | eat | 먹을meogeul | /mʌɡɯl/ | |
| 飲 | drink | 마실masil | /maɕil/ | |
| 走 | run | 달릴dallil | /tallil/ | |
| 坐 | sit | 앉을anjeul | /andʑɯl/ | |
| 立 | stand | 설seol | /sʌl/ |
Sources
- Wikipedia: Hanja, Korean mixed script
- 韓国語漢字音訓辞典 (standard reference)
- Lee, Ki-Moon & Ramsey, S. Robert 'A History of the Korean Language' (Cambridge UP 2011)
Han readings compared
Compared with related Koreanic > Korean (native reading layer) languages
| Character | Korean Hanja-hun (native reading) | Proto-Koreanic | Korean | Korean (DPRK) | Yuan Phags-pa Chinese | Zainichi Korean Sino-reading | Khitan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一 | han /han/ | *hʌtan /*hʌtan/ | il /il/ | il /il/ | ʔi /ʔi/ | il /iɾɯ/ | om /əm/ |
| 二 | du /tu/ | *tupɨr /*tupɨɾ/ | i /i/ | i /i/ | ʐɨ /ʐɨ/ | i /i/ | jur /dʒur/ |
| 三 | se /se/ | *seki /*seki/ | sam /sam/ | sam /sam/ | sam /sam/ | sam /sam/ | gur /ɡur/ |
| 四 | ne /nɛ/ | *neki /*neki/ | sa /sa/ | sa /sa/ | sɿ /sɿ/ | sa /sa/ | dur /dur/ |
| 五 | daseot /tasʌt̚/ | *tasəs /*tasəs/ | o /o/ | o /o/ | ʔu /ʔu/ | o /o/ | tau /tau/ |
| 六 | yeoseot /jʌsʌt̚/ | *jəsəs /*jəsəs/ | yuk /juk̚/ | ryuk /ɾjuk̚/ | liw /liw/ | yuk /jukɯ/ | nil /nil/ |
| 七 | ilgop /ilɡop̚/ | *nirkup /*niɾkup/ | chil /t͡ɕʰil/ | ch'il /tsʰil/ | tshi /tsʰi/ | chil /t͡ɕiɾɯ/ | dalu /dalu/ |
| 八 | yeodeol /jʌdʌl/ | *jətərp /*jətəɾp/ | pal /pʰal/ | p'al /pʰal/ | ba /pa/ | pal /paɾɯ/ | naim /naim/ |
| 九 | ahop /ahop̚/ | *ahop /*ahop/ | gu /ku/ | ku /ku/ | kiw /kiw/ | gu /ku/ | isen /isen/ |
| 十 | yeol /jʌl/ | *jer /*jeɾ/ | sip /ɕip̚/ | sip /ɕip̚/ | ši /ʂɨ/ | sip /ɕipɯ/ | par /par/ |
| 日 | nal /nal/ | *hʌy /*hʌj/ | il /il/ | il /il/ | ʐɨ /ʐɨ/ | il /iɾɯ/ | nair /nair/ |
| 月 | dal /tal/ | *tʌr /*tʌɾ/ | wol /wol/ | wŏl /wʌl/ | ʔɥe /ʔɥe/ | wol /woɾɯ/ | sair /sair/ |
| 山 | me /me/ | *moy /*moj/ | san /san/ | san /san/ | šan /ʂan/ | san /san/ | ula /ʊla/ |
| 水 | mul /mul/ | *mɨr /*mɨɾ/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | šwi /ʂwi/ | su /su/ | us /ʊs/ |
| 火 | bul /pul/ | *pɨr /*pɨɾ/ | hwa /hwa/ | hwa /hwa/ | xwo /xwɔ/ | hwa /ɸwa/ | gal /ɡal/ |
| 木 | namu /namu/ | *namk /*namk/ | mok /mok̚/ | mok /mok̚/ | muʔ /muʔ/ | mok /mokɯ/ | — |
| 土 | heuk /hɯk̚/ | *hʌrk /*hʌɾk/ | to /tʰo/ | t'o /tʰo/ | thu /tʰu/ | to /to/ | — |
| 天 | haneul /hanɯl/ | *hanʌr /*hanʌɾ/ | cheon /t͡ɕʰʌn/ | ch'ŏn /tsʰʌn/ | thẽn /tʰjɛn/ | cheon /t͡ɕʌn/ | teŋri /tʰeŋri/ |
| 地 | ttang /t͈aŋ/ | *tʌh /*tʌh/ | ji /t͡ɕi/ | chi /tsi/ | ti /ti/ | ji /t͡ɕi/ | — |
| 海 | bada /pada/ | *parʌr /*paɾʌɾ/ | hae /hɛ/ | hae /hɛ/ | xay /xaj/ | hae /hɛ/ | — |
| 龍 | mireu /miɾɯ/ | *mir /*miɾ/ | yong /joŋ/ | ryong /ɾjoŋ/ | luŋ /luŋ/ | yong /joŋ/ | — |
| 虎 | beom /pʌm/ | *pəm /*pəm/ | ho /ho/ | ho /ho/ | xu /xu/ | ho /ho/ | — |
| 犬 | gae /kɛ/ | *kahi /*kahi/ | gyeon /kjʌn/ | kyŏn /kjʌn/ | khɥen /kʰɥɛn/ | gyeon /kjʌn/ | — |
| 馬 | mal /mal/ | — | ma /ma/ | ma /ma/ | ma /ma/ | ma /ma/ | morin /morin/ |
| 鳥 | sae /sɛ/ | *say /*saj/ | jo /t͡ɕo/ | cho /tso/ | tjew /tjew/ | jo /t͡ɕo/ | — |
| 魚 | mulgogi /mulɡoɡi/ | *koki /*koki/ | eo /ʌ/ | ŏ /ʌ/ | ʔy /ʔy/ | eo /ʌ/ | — |
| 牛 | so /so/ | *sjo /*sjo/ | u /u/ | u /u/ | ŋjiw /ŋjiw/ | u /u/ | — |
| 羊 | yang /jaŋ/ | — | yang /jaŋ/ | yang /jaŋ/ | yaŋ /jaŋ/ | yang /jaŋ/ | — |
| 貓 | goyangi /kojaŋi/ | — | myo /mjo/ | myo /mjo/ | mew /mɛw/ | myo /mjo/ | — |
| 人 | saram /saɾam/ | *salʌm /*salʌm/ | in /in/ | in /in/ | ʐin /ʐin/ | in /in/ | küü /kʰuː/ |
| 手 | son /son/ | *son /*son/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | šiw /ʂiw/ | su /su/ | — |
| 足 | bal /pal/ | *par /*paɾ/ | jok /t͡ɕok̚/ | chok /tsok̚/ | tsuʔ /tsuʔ/ | jok /t͡ɕokɯ/ | — |
| 目 | nun /nun/ | *nun /*nun/ | mok /mok̚/ | mok /mok̚/ | muʔ /muʔ/ | mok /mokɯ/ | — |
| 耳 | gwi /kwi/ | *kuy /*kuj/ | i /i/ | i /i/ | ʐɨ /ʐɨ/ | i /i/ | — |
| 口 | ip /ip̚/ | *ip /*ip/ | gu /ku/ | ku /ku/ | khiw /kʰiw/ | gu /ku/ | — |
| 頭 | meori /mʌɾi/ | *məri /*məɾi/ | du /tu/ | tu /tu/ | thiw /tʰiw/ | du /tu/ | — |
| 心 | maeum /maɯm/ | *mʌzʌm /*mʌzʌm/ | sim /ɕim/ | sim /ɕim/ | sim /sim/ | sim /ɕim/ | — |
| 血 | pi /pʰi/ | *pih /*pih/ | hyeol /çjʌl/ | hyŏl /hjʌl/ | xɥe /xɥe/ | hyeol /çjʌɾɯ/ | — |
| 肉 | sal /sal/ | *salh /*salh/ | yuk /juk̚/ | yuk /juk̚/ | ʐiw /ʐiw/ | yuk /jukɯ/ | — |
| 上 | wi /wi/ | *uh /*uh/ | sang /saŋ/ | sang /saŋ/ | šaŋ /ʂaŋ/ | sang /saŋ/ | — |
| 下 | arae /aɾɛ/ | *arʌy /*aɾʌj/ | ha /ha/ | ha /ha/ | xya /xja/ | ha /ha/ | — |
| 中 | gaunde /kaundɛ/ | *kawɨn /*kawɨn/ | jung /t͡ɕuŋ/ | chung /tsuŋ/ | tʂuŋ /tʂuŋ/ | jung /t͡ɕuŋ/ | — |
| 中 | majeul /madʑɯl/ | *mac- /*mat͡s-/ | jung /t͡ɕuŋ/ | chung /tsuŋ/ | tʂuŋ /tʂuŋ/ | jung /t͡ɕuŋ/ | — |
| 左 | oen /wen/ | *oyn /*ojn/ | jwa /t͡ɕwa/ | chwa /tswa/ | tswɔ /tswɔ/ | jwa /t͡ɕwa/ | — |
| 右 | oreun /oɾɯn/ | *parʌn /*paɾʌn/ | u /u/ | u /u/ | jiw /jiw/ | u /u/ | — |
| 東 | saet /sɛt̚/ | — | dong /toŋ/ | tong /toŋ/ | tuŋ /tuŋ/ | dong /toŋ/ | — |
| 西 | hanui /hanɰi/ | — | seo /sʌ/ | sŏ /sʌ/ | si /si/ | seo /sʌ/ | — |
| 南 | matpa /mat̚p͈a/ | — | nam /nam/ | nam /nam/ | nam /nam/ | nam /nam/ | — |
| 北 | doen /tøn/ | — | buk /puk̚/ | puk /puk̚/ | be /pe/ | buk /pukɯ/ | — |
| 行 | danil /tanil/ | *ka- /*ka-/ | haeng /hɛŋ/ | haeng /hɛŋ/ | xiŋ /xiŋ/ | haeng /hɛŋ/ | — |
| 行 | haenghal /hɛŋhal/ | *hʌ- /*hʌ-/ | hang /haŋ/ | hang /haŋ/ | xaŋ /xaŋ/ | hang /haŋ/ | — |
| 来 | ol /ol/ | *o- /*o-/ | nae /nɛ/ | rae /ɾɛ/ | lay /laj/ | nae /nɛ/ | — |
| 去 | gal /kal/ | *ka- /*ka-/ | geo /kʌ/ | kŏ /kʌ/ | khy /kʰy/ | geo /kʌ/ | — |
| 見 | bol /pol/ | *po- /*po-/ | gyeon /kjʌn/ | kyŏn /kjʌn/ | kjɛn /kjɛn/ | gyeon /kjʌn/ | — |
| 聞 | deureul /tɯɾɯl/ | *tɨr- /*tɨɾ-/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ | wun /wun/ | mun /mun/ | — |
| 食 | meogeul /mʌɡɯl/ | *mək- /*mək-/ | sik /ɕik̚/ | sik /ɕik̚/ | ši /ʂɨ/ | sik /ɕikɯ/ | — |
| 飲 | masil /maɕil/ | *mas- /*mas-/ | eum /ɯm/ | ŭm /ɯm/ | ʔim /ʔim/ | eum /ɯm/ | — |
| 走 | dallil /tallil/ | *tʌt- /*tʌt-/ | ju /t͡ɕu/ | chu /tsu/ | tsiw /tsiw/ | ju /t͡ɕu/ | — |
| 坐 | anjeul /andʑɯl/ | *anc- /*ant͡s-/ | jwa /t͡ɕwa/ | chwa /tswa/ | tswɔ /tswɔ/ | jwa /t͡ɕwa/ | — |
| 立 | seol /sʌl/ | *se- /*se-/ | ip /ip̚/ | rip /ɾip̚/ | li /li/ | ip /ipɯ/ | — |
Page 1/6
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.