Jirrbal
Dyirbal
Pama-Nyunga (dyirbalische Sprachen)
Pama-Nyungan-Sprache aus dem nördlichen Queensland, berühmt geworden durch Dixons Grammatik von 1972 und Lakoffs „Women, Fire and Dangerous Things“: Ihre vier Nominalklassen (bayi maskulin/belebt, balan feminin/Wasser/Feuer/gefährlich, balam essbare Pflanzen, bala Rest) wurden zu einem Lehrbuchbeispiel nicht-aristotelischer Kategorisierung. Das Dyirbal besitzt zudem ein vollständig getrenntes Schwiegermutter-Meidungsvokabular namens „Jalŋuy“ mit derselben Grammatik, aber einem disjunkten Lexikon.
Wo es gesprochen wird
31 Kernwörter in Dyirbal
Wasser
bana
/ˈbana/
Feuer
buni
/ˈbuni/
Sonne
garri
/ˈɡari/
Mond
gagara
/ɡaˈɡara/
Stern
gijiny
/ɡiɟiɲ/
Mutter
gumbu
/ˈɡumbu/
Vater
ngumi
/ˈŋumi/
Ich
ngaja
/ŋaɟa/
Du
nginda
/ŋinda/
Name
yidyi
/jiɟi/
Auge
jili
/ˈɟili/
Hand
mala
/ˈmala/
Herz
mugu
/ˈmuɡu/
Liebe
—
/—/
Baum
yugu
/ˈjuɡu/
Haus
mija
/ˈmiɟa/
Hund
guda
/ˈɡuda/
Katze
—
/—/
Essen
janganyu
/ɟaŋˈaɲu/
Trinken
jiwuli
/ɟiˈwuli/
Eins
yara
/ˈjara/
Zwei
bulgany
/bulɡaɲ/
Hallo
—
/—/
Danke
—
/—/
Gut
—
/—/
Quellen
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1972) The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland. Cambridge University Press.
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1989) "The Original Dyirbal Speaking Tribes of North-East Queensland", in Aboriginal History.
- Glottolog: Dyirbal
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Pama-Nyungan (Dyirbalic)-Sprachen
| Bedeutung | Dyirbal | Walmajarri | Makasae | Kavalan | Babuza (Favorlang) | Uraustronesisch | Wiradjuri |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | bana /ˈbana/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | ira /ˈira/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | zalum /zalum/ | *daNum /daNum/ | galing /ˈɡaliŋ/ |
| Feuer | buni /ˈbuni/ | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ | ata /ˈata/ | ramaz /raˈmaz/ | apoi /apoi/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ | wiiny /wiːɲ/ |
| Sonne | garri /ˈɡari/ | ngalyarra /ŋaˈʎara/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | siban /siˈban/ | — /—/ | *waRi /waRi/ | yiray /ˈjiɻaj/ |
| Mond | gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ | pira /ˈpira/ | uru /ˈuru/ | buran /buˈran/ | zilias /siliəs/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ | giwang /ˈɡiwaŋ/ |
| Stern | gijiny /ɡiɟiɲ/ | wirl /wiɭ/ | ipi /ipi/ | bituqan /bituqan/ | botto /botːo/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ | giralang /ˈɡiɻalaŋ/ |
| Mutter | gumbu /ˈɡumbu/ | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ | ina /ˈina/ | tina /ˈtina/ | tina /tina/ | *ina /ina/ | gunhi /ˈɡun̪i/ |
| Vater | ngumi /ˈŋumi/ | kirta /ˈkiʈa/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | tama /ˈtama/ | tama /tama/ | *ama /ama/ | babiin /ˈbabiːn/ |
| Ich | ngaja /ŋaɟa/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ani /ani/ | aiku /aiku/ | ka-ina /kaina/ | *aku /aku/ | ngadhu /ˈŋad̪u/ |
| Du | nginda /ŋinda/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | ai /ai/ | aisu /aisu/ | ijo /ijo/ | *iSu /iSu/ | ngindhu /ˈŋind̪u/ |
| Name | yidyi /jiɟi/ | yini /jini/ | naran /naran/ | nangan /naŋan/ | naan /naːn/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ | yuwin /ˈjuwin/ |
| Auge | jili /ˈɟili/ | purlka /ˈpuɭka/ | nana /ˈnana/ | mata /maˈta/ | macha /matʃa/ | *maCa /maCa/ | miil /miːl/ |
| Hand | mala /ˈmala/ | marnin /ˈmaɳin/ | tana /ˈtana/ | rima /riˈma/ | rima /rima/ | *lima /lima/ | marra /ˈmara/ |
| Herz | mugu /ˈmuɡu/ | kurturlu /kuɭˈtuɭu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ | giiny /ɡiːɲ/ |
| Liebe | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Baum | yugu /ˈjuɡu/ | watiya /waˈtija/ | ate /ˈate/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | kayu /kaju/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ | madhan /ˈmad̪an/ |
| Haus | mija /ˈmiɟa/ | ngurra /ˈŋura/ | oma /ˈoma/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | ruma /ruma/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ | ngurang /ˈŋuɻaŋ/ |
| Hund | guda /ˈɡuda/ | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | asu /asu/ | *asu /asu/ | mirri /ˈmiri/ |
| Katze | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Essen | janganyu /ɟaŋˈaɲu/ | nga- /ŋa/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | quman /quˈman/ | maan /maːn/ | *kaen /kaen/ | dharra /ˈd̪ara/ |
| Trinken | jiwuli /ɟiˈwuli/ | nga- /ŋa/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | minum /minum/ | *inum /inum/ | widyarra /ˈwiɟara/ |
| Eins | yara /ˈjara/ | kanyjarra /kaɲˈɟara/ | u /ʔu/ | issa /ˈissa/ | nata /nata/ | *isa /isa/ | ngumbaay /ˈŋumbaːj/ |
| Zwei | bulgany /bulɡaɲ/ | kujarra /kuɟara/ | lolae /loˈlae/ | zusa /zusa/ | naroa /naroa/ | *duSa /duSa/ | bula /ˈbula/ |
| Hallo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | yaama /ˈjaːma/ |
| Danke | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mandaang guwu /ˈmandaːŋ ˈɡuwu/ |
| Gut | — /—/ | ngurnu /ˈŋuɳu/ | rau /rau/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | marang /ˈmaɻaŋ/ |
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