Tshivenḓa
Kivenda
Niger-Kongo (Atlantiki-Kongo, Kibantu, kusini Kibantu)
Kivenda (jina la asili Tshivenḓa) ni lugha ya Kibantu ya Kusini katika familia ya Niger-Congo, inayozungumzwa hasa katika jimbo la Limpopo kaskazini-mashariki mwa Afrika Kusini na katika sehemu za Zimbabwe jirani. Ina wazungumzaji wapatao milioni 1.3 na ni mojawapo ya lugha kumi na mbili rasmi za Afrika Kusini. Huandikwa kwa alfabeti ya Kilatini yenye alama za lafudhi, na hujulikana kwa sifa za kifonolojia zinazoihusisha na lugha za Kalanga na Shona zilizoko kaskazini.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kivenda
Maji
maḓi
/maɖi/
Moto
mulilo
/mulilo/
Jua
ḓuvha
/ɖuvʱa/
Mwezi
ṅwedzi
/ŋwedzi/
Nyota
ṋaledzi
/n̪aledzi/
Mama
mme
/mːe/
Baba
khotsi
/kʰotsi/
Mimi
nṋe
/n̪ːe/
Wewe
iwe
/iwe/
Jina
dzina
/dzina/
Jicho
iṱo
/it̪o/
Mkono
tshanḓa
/tʃʰaɳɖa/
Moyo
mbilu
/mbilu/
Upendo
lufuno
/lufuno/
Mti
muri
/muɾi/
Nyumba
nnḓu
/nɖu/
Mbwa
mmbwa
/mːbwa/
Paka
katse
/katse/
Kula
u ḽa
/u ɭa/
Kunywa
u ṅwa
/u ŋwa/
Moja
nthihi
/ntʰihi/
Mbili
mbili
/mbili/
Habari
ndaa
/ndaː/
Asante
ndo livhuwa
/ndo livʱuwa/
Nzuri
zwavhuḓi
/zwavʱuɖi/
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Niger-Congo (Atlantic-Congo, Bantu, Southern Bantu) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kivenda | Kisena | Kitswana | Kinyankole | Kimanyika | Kindau | Kisotho cha Kaskazini |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | maḓi /maɖi/ | madzi /madzi/ | metsi /metsi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | meetse /meːtse/ |
| Moto | mulilo /mulilo/ | moto /moto/ | molelo /moleːlo/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | moto /moto/ | muriro /muɾiɾo/ | mollo /molːo/ |
| Jua | ḓuvha /ɖuvʱa/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | letsatsi /letsatsi/ | izooba /izoːba/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | letšatši /letʃatʃi/ |
| Mwezi | ṅwedzi /ŋwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ |
| Nyota | ṋaledzi /n̪aledzi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | naledi /naledi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyenyedzi /ɲeɲedzi/ | naledi /naledi/ |
| Mama | mme /mːe/ | mai /mai/ | mmê /mːɛ/ | maawe /maːwe/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | mma /mːa/ |
| Baba | khotsi /kʰotsi/ | baba /baba/ | rrê /rːɛ/ | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tate /tate/ |
| Mimi | nṋe /n̪ːe/ | ine /ine/ | nna /nːa/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | nna /nna/ |
| Wewe | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | wena /wena/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | wena /wena/ |
| Jina | dzina /dzina/ | dzina /dzina/ | leina /leina/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | zita /zita/ | zina /zina/ | leina /leina/ |
| Jicho | iṱo /it̪o/ | diso /diso/ | leitlho /leitɬʰo/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | leihlo /leiɬo/ |
| Mkono | tshanḓa /tʃʰaɳɖa/ | nkono /nkono/ | seatla /seatɬa/ | omukono /omukono/ | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | chanza /tʃanza/ | seatla /seatɬa/ |
| Moyo | mbilu /mbilu/ | mtima /mtima/ | pelo /peːlo/ | omutima /omutima/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | pelo /pelo/ |
| Upendo | lufuno /lufuno/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | lerato /leɾato/ | rukundo /rukundo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | lerato /leɾato/ |
| Mti | muri /muɾi/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ | setlhare /setɬʰaɾe/ | omuti /omuti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | sehlare /seɬare/ |
| Nyumba | nnḓu /nɖu/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | enju /endʒu/ | mhatso /mhatso/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ |
| Mbwa | mmbwa /mːbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | ntša /ntʃa/ | embwa /embwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbga /imbɡa/ | mpša /mpʃa/ |
| Paka | katse /katse/ | paka /paka/ | katse /katse/ | kapa /kapa/ | katsi /katsi/ | kiti /kiti/ | katse /katse/ |
| Kula | u ḽa /u ɭa/ | kudya /kudja/ | ja /dʒa/ | kurya /kurja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | go ja /ɡodʒa/ |
| Kunywa | u ṅwa /u ŋwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | nwa /nwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | go nwa /ɡonwa/ |
| Moja | nthihi /ntʰihi/ | posi /posi/ | nngwe /ŋːwe/ | emwe /emwe/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | chimwe /tʃimwe/ | tee /teː/ |
| Mbili | mbili /mbili/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ | pedi /pedi/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | piri /piri/ | piri /piɾi/ | pedi /pedi/ |
| Habari | ndaa /ndaː/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | dumela /dumeːla/ | agandi /aɡandi/ | makadii /makadiː/ | mhoroi /mhoɾoji/ | dumela /dumɛla/ |
| Asante | ndo livhuwa /ndo livʱuwa/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | webare /webare/ | mazviita /mazviita/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ |
| Nzuri | zwavhuḓi /zwavʱuɖi/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | siame /siaːme/ | kirungi /kiruŋɡi/ | kunaka /kunaka/ | kanaka /kanaka/ | botse /botse/ |
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