Rotokas
Kirotokas
familia ya Kaskazini ya Bougainville (kama lugha pekee)
Lugha ya Kirotokas ni maarufu kwa kuwa na mojawapo ya mifumo midogo zaidi ya fonimu duniani: lahaja ya kati ina konsonanti 6 tu (p, t, k, β, ɾ, ɡ) na vokali 5, jumla ya fonimu 11, bila konsonanti yoyote ya nazali. Inazungumzwa na takriban watu 4,000 katika maeneo ya milimani ndani ya kisiwa cha Bougainville (Papua New Guinea). Ilielezwa kwa kina na Firchow & Firchow (1973).
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kirotokas
Maji
ovi
/oβi/
Moto
erava
/eɾaβa/
Jua
ravireo
/ɾaβiɾeo/
Mwezi
kekira
/kekiɾa/
Nyota
kepatu
/kepatu/
Mama
aako
/aːko/
Baba
aite
/aite/
Mimi
ragai
/raɡai/
Wewe
aviri
/aβiri/
Jina
itava
/itaβa/
Jicho
osireito
/osiɾeito/
Mkono
—
/—/
Moyo
—
/—/
Upendo
—
/—/
Mti
evaova
/eβaoβa/
Nyumba
kepa
/kepa/
Mbwa
kaakau
/kaːkau/
Paka
—
/—/
Kula
aio
/aio/
Kunywa
—
/—/
Moja
katai
/katai/
Mbili
oira
/oira/
Habari
ega
/eɡa/
Asante
—
/—/
Nzuri
rekoreko
/ɾekoɾeko/
Vyanzo
- Firchow & Firchow (1973) SIL Rotokas vocabulary
- Robinson (2006) "The Phoneme Inventory of the Aita Dialect of Rotokas." Oceanic Linguistics 45(1): 206-209
- Glottolog: Rotokas (roto1249)
- WALS: Rotokas
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za North Bougainville (isolate-like) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kirotokas | Kiyangkaal | Kilardil | Kineko | Kiyuchi | Kibabuza | Kipyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ovi /oβi/ | ngogo /ŋoɡo/ | kantha /kanθa/ | wai /wai/ | cha /tʃa/ | zalum /zalum/ | ʔuy /uj/ |
| Moto | erava /eɾaβa/ | ngida /ŋida/ | jalul /dʒalul/ | titɛ /titɛ/ | tsoda /tsoda/ | apoi /apoi/ | vyaŋ /wjaŋ/ |
| Jua | ravireo /ɾaβiɾeo/ | wargu /waɾɡu/ | thurara /θuɾaɾa/ | aatʌ /aːtʌ/ | dethla /dɛhla/ | — /—/ | ño /ɲo/ |
| Mwezi | kekira /kekiɾa/ | waldar /waldaɾ/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | — /—/ | zethla /zɛhla/ | zilias /siliəs/ | hla /hla/ |
| Nyota | kepatu /kepatu/ | thurara /t̪uɾaɾa/ | kambin /kambin/ | kumba /kumba/ | weʼyv /weʔỹ/ | botto /botːo/ | kar /karʔ/ |
| Mama | aako /aːko/ | ngama /ŋama/ | ngama /ŋama/ | — /—/ | ahnʌh /ahnʌh/ | tina /tina/ | na /na/ |
| Baba | aite /aite/ | kanda /kanda/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | tama /tama/ | paʔ /paʔ/ |
| Mimi | ragai /raɡai/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ngada /ŋada/ | na /na/ | di /di/ | ka-ina /kaina/ | ŋa /ŋa/ |
| Wewe | aviri /aβiri/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | ga /ɡa/ | tse /tse/ | ijo /ijo/ | naŋ /naŋ/ |
| Jina | itava /itaβa/ | warra /wara/ | wangalk /waŋalk/ | iwi /iwi/ | tiʼe /tiʔe/ | naan /naːn/ | miŋ /miŋ/ |
| Jicho | osireito /osiɾeito/ | miibul /miːbul/ | mela /mela/ | ta /ta/ | shela /ʃela/ | macha /matʃa/ | mik /mik/ |
| Mkono | — /—/ | — /—/ | marra /maɾa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | rima /rima/ | lak /lak/ |
| Moyo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | evaova /eβaoβa/ | — /—/ | tungal /tuŋal/ | tei /tei/ | — /—/ | kayu /kaju/ | siŋ /siŋ/ |
| Nyumba | kepa /kepa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | tsotʔa /tsotʔa/ | ruma /ruma/ | vaiŋ /waiŋ/ |
| Mbwa | kaakau /kaːkau/ | — /—/ | ngawu /ŋawu/ | gonʌ /ɡonʌ/ | shtsé /ʃtsɛ/ | asu /asu/ | kwiy /kwij/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kula | aio /aio/ | — /—/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | nei /nei/ | gʌ /ɡʌ/ | maan /maːn/ | cyaʔ /tɕaʔ/ |
| Kunywa | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | minum /minum/ | — /—/ |
| Moja | katai /katai/ | — /—/ | kunngirr /kuŋŋir/ | — /—/ | hahgo /hahɡo/ | nata /nata/ | te /te/ |
| Mbili | oira /oira/ | kiyarrngka /kijaraŋka/ | kiyarrng /kijaraŋ/ | iri /iri/ | nowe /nõˈwẽ/ | naroa /naroa/ | nit /nit/ |
| Habari | ega /eɡa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | rekoreko /ɾekoɾeko/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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