*PJK
Proto-Kijaponi-Kikorea
Japonic (proposed Japonic-Koreanic) · aina ya kihistoria / iliyofichwa
Proto-Japonic-Koreanic (PJK) is a hypothesized common ancestor of the Japonic and Koreanic language families. The hypothesis is contested: Whitman (2012), Robbeets (2015) — and Robbeets et al. (2021) Transeurasian — argue for a shared ancestor whose speakers brought wet-rice farming from the southern Korean peninsula (Mumun) to the Japanese archipelago (Yayoi). Vovin (2010) and others reject the connection, noting that proposed cognates concentrate in cultural/farming vocabulary (rice, paddy, millet, silkworm) rather than basic vocabulary like water/fire/sun — which is the major reason the hypothesis remains controversial. Nearly all 20-word Swadesh-style cells here are intentionally left as "—" to reflect this gap.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Proto-Kijaponi-Kikorea
Maji
—
/—/
Moto
—
/—/
Jua
—
/—/
Mwezi
—
/—/
Mama
*əma
/əma/
Baba
*əpa
/əpa/
Kula
—
/—/
Kunywa
—
/—/
Upendo
—
/—/
Moyo
—
/—/
Mti
—
/—/
Nyumba
—
/—/
Mbwa
—
/—/
Paka
—
/—/
Mkono
—
/—/
Jicho
—
/—/
Habari
—
/—/
Asante
—
/—/
Moja
—
/—/
Nzuri
—
/—/
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Japonic (proposed Japonic-Koreanic) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Proto-Kijaponi-Kikorea | Kimesapi | Lugha ya Ishara ya Nikaragua | Kitartessian | Kiliburnia | Kiveneti | Kigoguryeo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ouriom /ˈou.ri.om/ | 買 /*mai/ |
| Moto | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Jua | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mwezi | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mama | *əma /əma/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | matur /ˈma.tur/ | — /—/ |
| Baba | *əpa /əpa/ | ana /ˈana/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kula | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kunywa | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moyo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nyumba | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mbwa | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mkono | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Jicho | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moja | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.