Kĩmĩĩru
Меру
Niger-Congo (Atlantic-Congo, Bantu, E.50/E.60 — Mount Kenya cluster)
Meru (Kĩmĩĩru) is a Bantu language of central Kenya spoken by the Ameru people on the eastern and northeastern slopes of Mount Kenya, with roughly 2 million speakers. It belongs to the Mount Kenya cluster of the Bantu E.50 / E.60 zone alongside Kikuyu (ki), Embu (ebu), and Kamba (kam), with which it shares extensive cognate vocabulary and a 7-vowel ATR-contrast system. The orthography uses tilde diacritics on ĩ and ũ to mark the non-ATR (lax) variants — a convention shared with Kikuyu and Embu. Meru comprises several mutually intelligible varieties: Imenti (the largest and basis of standard written Meru), Tigania, Igembe, Igoji, Mwimbi-Muthambi, and Chuka; Tharaka, spoken on the southern fringe, is sometimes classified as a separate language. The Bible was fully translated by 1964. Meru is recognized as an indigenous Kenyan language under the 2010 constitution and is used in primary education and regional broadcasting.
Где на нём говорят
20 основных слов на языке Меру
Вода
rũũjĩ
/ɾuːdʒi/
Огонь
mwaki
/mwaki/
Солнце
rĩũa
/ɾiua/
Луна
mweri
/mweɾi/
Мать
mami
/mami/
Отец
baba
/baba/
Есть
kũrĩa
/kuɾia/
Пить
kũnyũa
/kuɲua/
Любовь
wendo
/wendo/
Сердце
ngoro
/ŋɡoɾo/
Дерево
mũtĩ
/muti/
Дом
nyomba
/ɲomba/
Собака
ngiti
/ŋɡiti/
Кошка
nyau
/ɲau/
Рука
njara
/ndʒaɾa/
Глаз
rĩĩthwa
/ɾiːθwa/
Привет
mwega
/mweɡa/
Спасибо
nĩ baba
/ni baba/
Один
ĩmwe
/imwe/
Хороший
mwega
/mweɡa/
Источники
- Ethnologue 27: Meru
- Glottolog: Meru (meru1247)
- Maho (2009) NUGL Online (Bantu E.50/E.60 group)
- Marete (1986) The Meru People
- Möhlig (1974) A dialectological grammar of Meru
Сравнение слов
Сравнение с родственными языками Niger-Congo (Atlantic-Congo, Bantu, E.50/E.60 — Mount Kenya cluster)
| Значение | Меру | Эмбу | Кикуйю | Камба | Асу | Ндау | Ньятуру |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Вода | rũũjĩ /ɾuːdʒi/ | mai /mai/ | maaĩ /maːi/ | kĩw'ũ /kiwu/ | mende /mende/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | maazi /maːzi/ |
| Огонь | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mshika /mʃika/ | muriro /muɾiɾo/ | moto /moto/ |
| Солнце | rĩũa /ɾiua/ | rĩũa /ɾiua/ | rĩũa /ɾiwa/ | syũa /sjua/ | nyu /ɲu/ | zuva /zuva/ | nzua /nzua/ |
| Луна | mweri /mweɾi/ | mweri /mweɾi/ | mweri /mweɾi/ | mwei /mwei/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | umweri /umweɾi/ |
| Мать | mami /mami/ | mami /mami/ | maitũ /maitu/ | mwaitũ /mwaitu/ | mama /mama/ | amai /amai/ | mama /mama/ |
| Отец | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | asa /asa/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ |
| Есть | kũrĩa /kuɾia/ | kũrĩa /kuɾia/ | kũrĩa /kuɾia/ | kũya /kuja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ |
| Пить | kũnyũa /kuɲua/ | kũnyua /kuɲua/ | kũnyua /kuɲua/ | kũnywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Любовь | wendo /wendo/ | wendo /wendo/ | wendo /wendo/ | wendo /wendo/ | lumba /lumba/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ |
| Сердце | ngoro /ŋɡoɾo/ | ngoro /ŋɡoɾo/ | ngoro /ŋɡoɾo/ | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Дерево | mũtĩ /muti/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | mti /mti/ | muti /muti/ | umuti /umuti/ |
| Дом | nyomba /ɲomba/ | nyũmba /ɲumba/ | nyũmba /ɲumba/ | nyũmba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Собака | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ | ngitĩ /ŋɡiti/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbga /imbɡa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Кошка | nyau /ɲau/ | nyau /ɲau/ | nyaũ /ɲau/ | mbaka /mbaka/ | paka /paka/ | kiti /kiti/ | paka /paka/ |
| Рука | njara /ndʒaɾa/ | guoko /ɡuoko/ | guoko /ɡuoko/ | kw'oko /kwoko/ | mkono /mkono/ | chanza /tʃanza/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ |
| Глаз | rĩĩthwa /ɾiːθwa/ | riitho /ɾiːθo/ | riitho /riːθo/ | ĩtho /iθo/ | jicho /dʒitʃo/ | ziso /ziso/ | iriiso /iɾiːso/ |
| Привет | mwega /mweɡa/ | mwega /mweɡa/ | wĩmwega /wimweɡa/ | mwĩaĩle /mwiaile/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | mhoroi /mhoɾoji/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ |
| Спасибо | nĩ baba /ni baba/ | nĩ baba /ni baba/ | nĩ wega /ni weɡa/ | nĩ vinya /ni viɲa/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | ahsante /ahsante/ |
| Один | ĩmwe /imwe/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | imwe /imwe/ | chimwe /tʃimwe/ | umwe /umwe/ |
| Хороший | mwega /mweɡa/ | mwega /mweɡa/ | wega /weɡa/ | museo /museo/ | mwamba /mwamba/ | kanaka /kanaka/ | kihi /kihi/ |
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