Taa
famiglia tuu (già khoisan meridionale)
Il taa (!Xóõ) è famoso per il più grande inventario fonemico documentato fra le lingue viventi: Anthony Traill (1985, 1994) descrive circa 159 fonemi, inclusi cinque tipi pienamente sviluppati di click — dentale ǀ, alveolare ǃ, laterale ǁ, palatale ǂ e il raro click bilabiale ʘ. Ogni click può combinarsi con molteplici accompagnamenti. Circa 2.500 parlanti al confine tra Botswana e Namibia, lingua della famiglia tuu.
Dove si parla
31 parole essenziali in Taa
Acqua
ǃqhàa
/ǃqʰaː/
Fuoco
ǀʼàã
/ǀʼãː/
Sole
ǁʼân
/ǁʼã/
Luna
ǃqhàn
/ǃqʰã/
Stella
ǃqʰái
/ǃqʰái/
Madre
qáe
/qae/
Padre
a̰a
/a̰a/
Io
ń
/ŋ̩/
Tu
a
/aː/
Nome
ǀqʼûle
/ǀʛûle/
Occhio
ǃʼûĩ
/ǃʼũĩ/
Mano
ǀkxʼàa
/ǀkxʼaː/
Cuore
ǀqʼàn
/ǀqʼã/
Amore
—
/—/
Albero
ʼʘnàje
/ʔʘnaje/
Casa
—
/—/
Cane
ǂqhài
/ǂqʰai/
Gatto
—
/—/
Mangiare
ʼâã
/ʔãː/
Bere
kxʼāhã
/kxʼaːhã/
Uno
ǂʼûã
/ǂʼũã/
Due
ǂnûm
/ǂûm/
Ciao
—
/—/
Grazie
—
/—/
Buono
—
/—/
Fonti
- Traill (1985) Phonetic and Phonological Studies of !XÓÕ Bushman. Helmut Buske Verlag.
- Traill (1994) A !Xóõ Dictionary. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
- Glottolog: Taa (taaa1242)
- Ethnologue: nmn
Parole a confronto
Confrontato con le lingue Tuu (formerly Southern Khoisan) correlate
| Significato | Taa | Proto-sino-tibetano | Lardil | Proto-austroasiatico | Nuxalk | Frigio | Yangkaal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ | — /—/ | kantha /kanθa/ | *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ | qla /qla/ | — /—/ | ngogo /ŋoɡo/ |
| Fuoco | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ | *mey /mey/ | jalul /dʒalul/ | *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ngida /ŋida/ |
| Sole | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ | *nəy /nəy/ | thurara /θuɾaɾa/ | *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/ | snx /snx/ | — /—/ | wargu /waɾɡu/ |
| Luna | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ | *s-la /s-la/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | — /—/ | tlʼuk /tɬʼuk/ | masê /maˈseː/ | waldar /waldaɾ/ |
| Stella | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ | *s-kar /s-kar/ | kambin /kambin/ | — /—/ | snx /snəx/ | — /—/ | thurara /t̪uɾaɾa/ |
| Madre | qáe /qae/ | *ma /ma/ | ngama /ŋama/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | — /—/ | mater /ˈmater/ | ngama /ŋama/ |
| Padre | a̰a /a̰a/ | *pa /pa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | atas /aˈtas/ | kanda /kanda/ |
| Io | ń /ŋ̩/ | *ŋa /ŋa/ | ngada /ŋada/ | *ʔaɲ /ʔaɲ/ | ʔinu /ʔinu/ | az /az/ | ngada /ŋada/ |
| Tu | a /aː/ | *naŋ /naŋ/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | — /—/ | ʔanu /ʔanu/ | — /—/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ |
| Nome | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ | *r-miŋ /r-miŋ/ | wangalk /waŋalk/ | — /—/ | sunix /sunixʷ/ | — /—/ | warra /wara/ |
| Occhio | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ | *s-mik /s-mik/ | mela /mela/ | *mat /mat/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | miibul /miːbul/ |
| Mano | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ | *lak /lak/ | marra /maɾa/ | *tiːʔ /tiːʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cuore | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ | *siŋ /siŋ/ | tungal /tuŋal/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Casa | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cane | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ | *d-kʷəy /d-kʷəy/ | ngawu /ŋawu/ | *cɔː /cɔː/ | ƛ̓ikm /tɬʼikm/ | kan /kan/ | — /—/ |
| Gatto | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mangiare | ʼâã /ʔãː/ | *dzya /dzya/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | *ɟaː /ɟaː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bere | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | qāχla /qaːχla/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Uno | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ | *tik /tik/ | kunngirr /kuŋŋir/ | *muːj /muːj/ | maw /maw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Due | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ | *g-nis /g-nis/ | kiyarrng /kijaraŋ/ | *ɓaːr /ɓaːr/ | lhnús /ɬnus/ | — /—/ | kiyarrngka /kijaraŋka/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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