לשון חכמים

Ebraico mishnaico

Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Central, Northwest, Canaanite, Hebrew) · varietà storica / nascosta

FamigliaAfro-Asiatic (Semitic, Central, Northwest, Canaanite, Hebrew) ParlantiHistorical literary form (~70-200 CE); active religious/scholarly use ScritturaHebrew (square script) PaesiRoman/Byzantine Palestine (Yavne, Galilee); Jewish religious tradition worldwide Lingua ufficialeTalmudic-rabbinic Judaism (Mishnaic curriculum) Vitalitàextinct ISO 639-3hbo

Mishnaic Hebrew (לשון חכמים leshon ḥakhamim, "language of the sages", ~70-200 CE) is the post-Biblical Hebrew of the Mishnah (compiled c. 200 CE by Judah ha-Nasi), the Tosefta, early Midrashim, and the Hebrew portions of the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds. Distinct from Biblical Hebrew (hbo) by: heavy Aramaic and Greek loanwords (אילן ʔilan "tree", חתול ḥatul "cat", and many legal/agricultural terms), loss of waw-consecutive narrative tenses, fixed word order shifting toward SVO, expanded participial system as default present tense, and rabbinic technical vocabulary. Survived as a written/scholarly language after extinction as vernacular ~200 CE; remains the form of Hebrew taught in yeshivot for studying Talmud and Mishnah. Distinct from both Biblical Hebrew (hbo) and Modern Israeli Hebrew (he), though Modern Hebrew's revival drew on both registers.

Dove si parla

20 parole essenziali in Ebraico mishnaico

Acqua

מים

/majim/

Fuoco

אש

/ʔeʃ/

Sole

חמה

/ħamːa/

Luna

לבנה

/levɑnɑ/

Madre

אם

/ʔem/

Padre

אב

/ʔɑv/

Mangiare

אוכל

/ʔoχel/

Bere

שותה

/ʃote/

Amore

אהבה

/ʔɑhɑvɑ/

Cuore

לב

/lev/

Albero

אילן

/ʔilɑn/

Casa

בית

/bajit/

Cane

כלב

/kelev/

Gatto

חתול

/ħɑtul/

Mano

יד

/jɑd/

Occhio

עין

/ʕajin/

Ciao

שלום

/ʃɑlom/

Grazie

תודה

/todɑ/

Uno

אחד

/ʔeħɑd/

Buono

טוב

/tov/

Fonti

Parole a confronto

Confrontato con le lingue Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Central, Northwest, Canaanite, Hebrew) correlate

Significato Ebraico mishnaicopunicofenicioEbraicoebraico biblicoAramaico anticosabeo
Acqua מים /majim/ 𐤌𐤉𐤌 /majim/ 𐤌𐤌 /majim/ מים /majim/ מים /majim/ מין /majin/ 𐩣𐩺 /maːʔ/
Fuoco אש /ʔeʃ/ 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ אש /eʃ/ אש /ʔeʃ/ אש /ʔɛʃ/ 𐩱𐩪 /ʔas/
Sole חמה /ħamːa/ 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ שמש /ʃemeʃ/ שמש /ʃemeʃ/ שמש /ʃamʃ/ 𐩦𐩣𐩪 /ʃams/
Luna לבנה /levɑnɑ/ 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jeraħ/ 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jaræħ/ ירח /jaˈʁeaχ/ ירח /jɔːreːaħ/ שהר /sahr/ 𐩥𐩧𐩭 /warkʰ/
Madre אם /ʔem/ 𐤀𐤌 /ʔem/ 𐤀𐤌 /ʔem/ אמא /ima/ אם /ʔeːm/ אמ /ʔem/ 𐩱𐩣 /ʔumm/
Padre אב /ʔɑv/ 𐤀𐤁 /ʔav/ 𐤀𐤁 /ʔab/ אבא /aba/ אב /ʔɔːv/ אב /ʔab/ 𐩱𐩨 /ʔab/
Mangiare אוכל /ʔoχel/ 𐤀𐤊𐤋 /ʔakal/ 𐤀𐤊𐤋 /ʔakal/ לאכול /leχol/ אכל /ʔɔːxal/ אכל /ʔakal/ 𐩱𐩫𐩡 /ʔakal/
Bere שותה /ʃote/ 𐤔𐤕 /ʃat/ 𐤔𐤕 /ʃat/ לשתות /liʃtot/ שתה /ʃɔːθɔː/ שתה /ʃataː/ 𐩪𐩩𐩺 /ʃataja/
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