Jirrbal
Dyirbal
pama-nyunga (dyirbalico)
Lingua pama-nyungana del Queensland settentrionale resa celebre dalla grammatica di Dixon del 1972 e dall'opera di Lakoff «Women, Fire and Dangerous Things»: le sue quattro classi nominali (bayi maschile/animato, balan femminile/acqua/fuoco/pericoloso, balam piante commestibili, bala residuo) sono diventate un esempio da manuale di categorizzazione non aristotelica. Il dyirbal possiede inoltre un vocabolario di evitamento della suocera del tutto separato, il «Jalŋuy», con la stessa grammatica ma un lessico disgiunto.
Dove si parla
31 parole essenziali in Dyirbal
Acqua
bana
/ˈbana/
Fuoco
buni
/ˈbuni/
Sole
garri
/ˈɡari/
Luna
gagara
/ɡaˈɡara/
Stella
gijiny
/ɡiɟiɲ/
Madre
gumbu
/ˈɡumbu/
Padre
ngumi
/ˈŋumi/
Io
ngaja
/ŋaɟa/
Tu
nginda
/ŋinda/
Nome
yidyi
/jiɟi/
Occhio
jili
/ˈɟili/
Mano
mala
/ˈmala/
Cuore
mugu
/ˈmuɡu/
Amore
—
/—/
Albero
yugu
/ˈjuɡu/
Casa
mija
/ˈmiɟa/
Cane
guda
/ˈɡuda/
Gatto
—
/—/
Mangiare
janganyu
/ɟaŋˈaɲu/
Bere
jiwuli
/ɟiˈwuli/
Uno
yara
/ˈjara/
Due
bulgany
/bulɡaɲ/
Ciao
—
/—/
Grazie
—
/—/
Buono
—
/—/
Fonti
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1972) The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland. Cambridge University Press.
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1989) "The Original Dyirbal Speaking Tribes of North-East Queensland", in Aboriginal History.
- Glottolog: Dyirbal
Parole a confronto
Confrontato con le lingue Pama-Nyungan (Dyirbalic) correlate
| Significato | Dyirbal | Walmajarri | Makasae | Kavalan | Babuza (favorlang) | Proto-austronesiano | Wiradjuri |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | bana /ˈbana/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | ira /ˈira/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | zalum /zalum/ | *daNum /daNum/ | galing /ˈɡaliŋ/ |
| Fuoco | buni /ˈbuni/ | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ | ata /ˈata/ | ramaz /raˈmaz/ | apoi /apoi/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ | wiiny /wiːɲ/ |
| Sole | garri /ˈɡari/ | ngalyarra /ŋaˈʎara/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | siban /siˈban/ | — /—/ | *waRi /waRi/ | yiray /ˈjiɻaj/ |
| Luna | gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ | pira /ˈpira/ | uru /ˈuru/ | buran /buˈran/ | zilias /siliəs/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ | giwang /ˈɡiwaŋ/ |
| Stella | gijiny /ɡiɟiɲ/ | wirl /wiɭ/ | ipi /ipi/ | bituqan /bituqan/ | botto /botːo/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ | giralang /ˈɡiɻalaŋ/ |
| Madre | gumbu /ˈɡumbu/ | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ | ina /ˈina/ | tina /ˈtina/ | tina /tina/ | *ina /ina/ | gunhi /ˈɡun̪i/ |
| Padre | ngumi /ˈŋumi/ | kirta /ˈkiʈa/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | tama /ˈtama/ | tama /tama/ | *ama /ama/ | babiin /ˈbabiːn/ |
| Io | ngaja /ŋaɟa/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ani /ani/ | aiku /aiku/ | ka-ina /kaina/ | *aku /aku/ | ngadhu /ˈŋad̪u/ |
| Tu | nginda /ŋinda/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | ai /ai/ | aisu /aisu/ | ijo /ijo/ | *iSu /iSu/ | ngindhu /ˈŋind̪u/ |
| Nome | yidyi /jiɟi/ | yini /jini/ | naran /naran/ | nangan /naŋan/ | naan /naːn/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ | yuwin /ˈjuwin/ |
| Occhio | jili /ˈɟili/ | purlka /ˈpuɭka/ | nana /ˈnana/ | mata /maˈta/ | macha /matʃa/ | *maCa /maCa/ | miil /miːl/ |
| Mano | mala /ˈmala/ | marnin /ˈmaɳin/ | tana /ˈtana/ | rima /riˈma/ | rima /rima/ | *lima /lima/ | marra /ˈmara/ |
| Cuore | mugu /ˈmuɡu/ | kurturlu /kuɭˈtuɭu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ | giiny /ɡiːɲ/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | yugu /ˈjuɡu/ | watiya /waˈtija/ | ate /ˈate/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | kayu /kaju/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ | madhan /ˈmad̪an/ |
| Casa | mija /ˈmiɟa/ | ngurra /ˈŋura/ | oma /ˈoma/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | ruma /ruma/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ | ngurang /ˈŋuɻaŋ/ |
| Cane | guda /ˈɡuda/ | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | asu /asu/ | *asu /asu/ | mirri /ˈmiri/ |
| Gatto | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mangiare | janganyu /ɟaŋˈaɲu/ | nga- /ŋa/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | quman /quˈman/ | maan /maːn/ | *kaen /kaen/ | dharra /ˈd̪ara/ |
| Bere | jiwuli /ɟiˈwuli/ | nga- /ŋa/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | minum /minum/ | *inum /inum/ | widyarra /ˈwiɟara/ |
| Uno | yara /ˈjara/ | kanyjarra /kaɲˈɟara/ | u /ʔu/ | issa /ˈissa/ | nata /nata/ | *isa /isa/ | ngumbaay /ˈŋumbaːj/ |
| Due | bulgany /bulɡaɲ/ | kujarra /kuɟara/ | lolae /loˈlae/ | zusa /zusa/ | naroa /naroa/ | *duSa /duSa/ | bula /ˈbula/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | yaama /ˈjaːma/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mandaang guwu /ˈmandaːŋ ˈɡuwu/ |
| Buono | — /—/ | ngurnu /ˈŋuɳu/ | rau /rau/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | marang /ˈmaɻaŋ/ |
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