Kebalan
Kavalan
Austronesian (East Formosan)
Kavalan (Kebalan) is a critically endangered East Formosan Austronesian language of eastern Taiwan, with only around two dozen fluent elderly speakers concentrated in Hualien (Sinshe/Paterungan villages) and remembered in Yilan. Officially recognized as a separate Indigenous people of Taiwan in 2002 after a long campaign. Typologically conservative within Austronesian: retains Proto-Austronesian *R as /x/ (e.g. zanuR > zanum-related cognates), preserves a four-way Philippine-type voice system, and shows VOS basic order. Revitalization efforts include the CIP "Language Nest" program.
Dove si parla
20 parole essenziali in Kavalan
Acqua
zanum
/zaˈnum/
Fuoco
ramax
/raˈmax/
Sole
siban
/siˈban/
Luna
buran
/buˈran/
Madre
tina
/ˈtina/
Padre
tama
/ˈtama/
Mangiare
quman
/quˈman/
Bere
mimum
/miˈmum/
Amore
—
/—/
Cuore
—
/—/
Albero
kasuy
/kaˈsuj/
Casa
lepaw
/ləˈpaw/
Cane
wasu
/waˈsu/
Gatto
ngiyaw
/ŋiˈjaw/
Mano
rima
/riˈma/
Occhio
mata
/maˈta/
Ciao
—
/—/
Grazie
—
/—/
Uno
issa
/ˈissa/
Buono
—
/—/
Fonti
- Li, Paul Jen-kuei & Tsuchida, Shigeru (2006) Kavalan Dictionary. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei.
- Li, Paul Jen-kuei & Tsuchida, Shigeru (2006) Kavalan Texts. Academia Sinica.
- Glottolog: Kavalan
- Council of Indigenous Peoples (Taiwan): Kebalan / Kavalan language resources
Parole a confronto
Confrontato con le lingue Austronesian (East Formosan) correlate
| Significato | Kavalan | bidayuh bukar-sadong | babuza (favorlang) | maguindanao | Makasae | kulon-pazeh | matsés |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | zanum /zaˈnum/ | piin /piːn/ | zalum /zalum/ | ig /ʔiɡ/ | ira /ˈira/ | dalum /da.lum/ | mapi /maˈpi/ |
| Fuoco | ramax /raˈmax/ | apui /aˈpui/ | apoi /apoi/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | ata /ˈata/ | hapuy /ha.puj/ | tsibo /tsiˈbo/ |
| Sole | siban /siˈban/ | biduh /biˈduh/ | — /—/ | senang /seˈnaŋ/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | rizax /ɾi.zax/ | šëdo /ʂɨˈdo/ |
| Luna | buran /buˈran/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | zilias /siliəs/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | uru /ˈuru/ | ilas /i.las/ | use /uˈse/ |
| Madre | tina /ˈtina/ | sindo /sinˈdoʔ/ | tina /tina/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | ina /ˈina/ | ina /i.na/ | ëna /ɨˈna/ |
| Padre | tama /ˈtama/ | samah /saˈmah/ | tama /tama/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | aba /a.ba/ | papa /paˈpa/ |
| Mangiare | quman /quˈman/ | kuman /kuˈman/ | maan /maːn/ | kakan /kaˈkan/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | mekan /mə.kan/ | pe- /pe/ |
| Bere | mimum /miˈmum/ | ŋinum /ŋiˈnum/ | minum /minum/ | inum /ʔiˈnum/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | mimaazip /mi.maː.zip/ | ak- /ak/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kalini /kaˈlini/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cuore | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | pusong /puˈsoŋ/ | — /—/ | baga /ba.ɡa/ | šobi /ʂoˈbi/ |
| Albero | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | kayuh /kaˈjuh/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaˈju/ | ate /ˈate/ | kahuy /ka.huj/ | mado /maˈdo/ |
| Casa | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | ramin /raˈmin/ | ruma /ruma/ | walay /waˈlaj/ | oma /ˈoma/ | xuma /xu.ma/ | šobo /ʂoˈbo/ |
| Cane | wasu /waˈsu/ | kaso /kaˈsoʔ/ | asu /asu/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | wazu /wa.zu/ | opa /oˈpa/ |
| Gatto | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kuting /kuˈtiŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mano | rima /riˈma/ | təŋən /tə̆ˈŋən/ | rima /rima/ | lima /liˈma/ | tana /ˈtana/ | rima /ɾi.ma/ | mëbi /mɨˈbi/ |
| Occhio | mata /maˈta/ | baten /baˈten/ | macha /matʃa/ | mata /maˈta/ | nana /ˈnana/ | daurik /da.u.ɾik/ | bëdi /bɨˈdi/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | assalamu alaikum /assaˈlamu ʔaˈlajkum/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | sukran /ˈsukɾan/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Uno | issa /ˈissa/ | isaʔ /iˈsaʔ/ | nata /nata/ | isa /ˈʔisa/ | u /ʔu/ | adang /a.daŋ/ | pazë /paˈzɨ/ |
| Buono | — /—/ | biis /biːs/ | — /—/ | mapiya /maˈpija/ | rau /rau/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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