Чӑваш чӗлхи

Tchouvache

Turkic (Oghur)

FamilleTurkic (Oghur) Locuteurs~1M ÉcritureCyrillic (with Ӑ Ӗ Ҫ Ӳ) PaysRussia (Chuvashia) Langue officielleRepublic of Chuvashia (co-official) Vitalitésafe ISO 639-3chv

Chuvash (Чӑвашла Čăvašla) is the sole surviving Oghur Turkic language and represents the deepest split in the Turkic family — Common Turkic on one side and Chuvash (Oghur) on the other, with ~1M speakers along the middle Volga. It preserves Proto-Turkic features lost elsewhere in Turkic: rhotacism (Common Turkic z ↔ Chuvash r, e.g. CT "ökü͡z" cattle ↔ Chuv "văkăr") and lambdacism (Common Turkic š ↔ Chuvash l), making it crucial for historical reconstruction of the Proto-Turkic ancestor. The direct descendant of the medieval Volga Bulgar language attested in 13th-14th c. tombstones, Chuvash is co-official with Russian in the Republic of Chuvashia (capital Cheboksary). The Cyrillic script with diacritics (Ӑ ӑ Ӗ ӗ Ҫ ҫ Ӳ ӳ) has been standard since 1872 (Yakovlev orthography), replacing earlier brief experiments with Arabic and Latin scripts.

Où elle est parlée

20 mots essentiels en Tchouvache

Eau

шыв

/ʃɯv/

Feu

вут

/vut/

Soleil

хӗвел

/xɘvel/

Lune

уйӑх

/ujəx/

Mère

анне

/anne/

Père

атте

/atte/

Manger

ҫиес

/ɕies/

Boire

ӗҫес

/ɘɕes/

Amour

юрату

/juratu/

Cœur

чӗре

/tɕɘre/

Arbre

йывӑҫ

/jɯvəɕ/

Maison

ҫурт

/ɕurt/

Chien

йытӑ

/jɯtə/

Chat

кушак

/kuʃak/

Main

ал

/al/

Œil

куҫ

/kuɕ/

Bonjour

салам

/salam/

Merci

тав

/tav/

Un

пӗр

/pɘr/

Bon

лайӑх

/lajəx/

Sources

Mots comparés

Comparé aux langues Turkic (Oghur) apparentées

Sens Tchouvachekaratchaï-balkarkarakalpakkarakhanidetouvainKoumykKirghize
Eau шыв /ʃɯv/ суу /suw/ suw /suw/ suw /suw/ суг /suɣ/ сув /suv/ суу /suː/
Feu вут /vut/ от /ot/ ot /ot/ ot /ot/ от /ot/ от /ot/ от /ot/
Soleil хӗвел /xɘvel/ кюн /kyn/ kún /kyn/ kün /kyn/ хүн /xyn/ гюн /ɡyn/ күн /kyn/
Lune уйӑх /ujəx/ ай /aj/ ay /aj/ ay /aj/ ай /aj/ ай /aj/ ай /ɑj/
Mère анне /anne/ ана /ana/ ana /ana/ ana /ana/ ава /ava/ ана /ana/ эне /ene/
Père атте /atte/ ата /ata/ ata /ata/ ata /ata/ ача /atɕa/ ата /ata/ ата /ɑtɑ/
Manger ҫиес /ɕies/ ашаргъа /aʃarʁa/ jew /ʒew/ yi- /ji/ чиир /tɕiːr/ ашамакъ /aʃamaq/ жеш /dʒeʃ/
Boire ӗҫес /ɘɕes/ ичерге /itʃerɡe/ ishiw /iʃiw/ ič- /itʃ/ ижер /iʒer/ ичмек /itʃmek/ ичүү /ɪtʃyː/
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Fait partie de LangMap — un projet de visualisation linguistique. Ceci est un résumé statique et explorable ; les cartes interactives offrent l’audio de prononciation, des filtres et une vue globe.