Итэнмэн

Itelmen

Chukotko-Kamchatkan (Kamchatkan)

FamilyChukotko-Kamchatkan (Kamchatkan) Speakers~80 (UNESCO: critically endangered) ScriptCyrillic CountriesRussia (Kamchatka Krai) Official inNo (recognized minority) Vitalitycritically endangered ISO 639-3itl

Itelmen (also Kamchadal) is the sole surviving Kamchatkan language, spoken in scattered villages along the western coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Once the dominant language of the peninsula before Russian colonisation in the 18th century, it now has roughly 80 fluent speakers. It is famed for its unusually large consonant inventory with ejectives and complex onset clusters, plus polysynthetic morphology that connects it to neighbouring Chukotko-Koryak languages.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Itelmen

Water

иʔ

/iʔ/

Fire

пʼэнэ

/pʼene/

Sun

коачʼ

/koatʃʼ/

Moon

куӆаӈ

/kuɬaŋ/

Star

эӈэн

/eŋen/

Mother

/—/

Father

/—/

I

кма

/kʼma/

You

кза

/kza/

Name

нан

/nan/

Eye

иркэ

/irke/

Hand

ʼух

/ʔux/

Heart

пинпин

/pinpin/

Love

/—/

Tree

ʼурх

/ʔurx/

House

/—/

Dog

ʼат

/ʔat/

Cat

кошка

/koʂka/

Eat

эс

/es/

Drink

/—/

One

дин

/din/

Two

каӽх

/kaχ/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

Good

ӆач

/ɬatʃ/

Cuckoo

ӄэӄуӄ

/qəquq/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Chukotko-Kamchatkan (Kamchatkan) languages

Meaning ItelmenProto-UralicNekoLardilDamin (Lardil ceremonial register)Proto-Kra-DaiNicaraguan Sign Language
Water иʔ /iʔ/ *wete /wete/ wai /wai/ kantha /kanθa/ /—/ *naːm /naːm/ /—/
Fire пʼэнэ /pʼene/ /—/ titɛ /titɛ/ jalul /dʒalul/ l!ii /lǃiː/ *vɤj /vɤj/ /—/
Sun коачʼ /koatʃʼ/ /—/ aatʌ /aːtʌ/ thurara /θuɾaɾa/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Moon куӆаӈ /kuɬaŋ/ /—/ /—/ kirdikir /kiɖikir/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Star эӈэн /eŋen/ /—/ kumba /kumba/ kambin /kambin/ l*i /ʎ͡ʘi/ /—/ /—/
Mother /—/ /—/ /—/ ngama /ŋama/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Father /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/
I кма /kʼma/ *mun /mun/ na /na/ ngada /ŋada/ n!aa /ŋ͡ʘaː/ *kuː /kuː/ /—/
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