Cou

Tsou

Austronesian (Tsouic)

FamilyAustronesian (Tsouic) Speakers~4K (~2K daily L1, severely endangered) ScriptLatin (CIP romanization) CountriesTaiwan (Alishan area, Chiayi County) Official inTaiwan (recognized indigenous language) Vitalityseverely endangered ISO 639-3tsu

Tsou (Cou) is one of the most endangered recognized Formosan languages of Taiwan, spoken in the Alishan mountain area of Chiayi County. Six vowel system (i, e, a, o, u plus high central ɯ). Highly elaborate focus system with four voices, marked on the verb. Famous for the historic Mayasvi tribal ceremony. Severely endangered with about 4,000 speakers, ~2,000 daily L1.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Tsou

Water

chumu

/tsumu/

Fire

puzu

/ˈpuzu/

Sun

hie

/hie/

Moon

feohʉ

/feohɨ/

Star

congroha

/tsoŋroxa/

Mother

ino

/ino/

Father

amo

/amo/

I

a'o

/aʔo/

You

suu

/suʔu/

Name

ongko

/oŋko/

Eye

mcoo

/mtsoo/

Hand

mucu

/mutsu/

Heart

yofu

/jofu/

Love

yainca

/jaintsa/

Tree

evi

/evi/

House

emoo

/emoo/

Dog

avo'u

/avoʔu/

Cat

ngiao

/ŋiao/

Eat

bonu

/bonu/

Drink

'umnu

/ʔumnu/

One

cone

/tsone/

Two

yuso

/juso/

Hello

yokeoasu

/jokeoasu/

Thank you

aveoveoyu

/aveoveoju/

Good

'aem'aemo

/ʔaemʔaemo/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian (Tsouic) languages

Meaning TsouBununPaiwanNiasTetumCia-CiaMandar
Water chumu /tsumu/ danum /danum/ zaljum /zaɭum/ idanö /idanø/ bee /beː/ we'e /weʔe/ uai /uai/
Fire puzu /ˈpuzu/ sapuz /sapuz/ sapuy /sapui/ alitö /aˈlitɤ/ ahi /ahi/ api /api/ api /api/
Sun hie /hie/ vali /vali/ qadaw /qadaw/ luo /luo/ loron /loɾon/ holeo /holeo/ mata allo /mata alːo/
Moon feohʉ /feohɨ/ buan /buan/ qiljas /qiɭas/ bawa /bawa/ fulan /fulan/ wula /wula/ bulang /bulaŋ/
Star congroha /tsoŋroxa/ bintuhan /bintuhan/ vituqan /vituqan/ döfi /døfi/ fitun /ˈfitun/ wicuko /witʃuko/ bittoeng /bittoeŋ/
Mother ino /ino/ tina /tina/ kina /kina/ ina /ina/ inan /inan/ ina /ina/ indo /indo/
Father amo /amo/ tama /tama/ kama /kama/ amada /amada/ aman /aman/ ama /ama/ ama /ama/
I a'o /aʔo/ saikin /saikin/ tiaken /tiakən/ ya'o /jaʔo/ ha'u /haʔu/ indau /indau/ iyau /ijau/
Page 1/4

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.