Cou

Tsou

Austronesian (Tsouic)

FamilyAustronesian (Tsouic) Speakers~4K (~2K daily L1; severely endangered) ScriptLatin (CIP romanization) CountriesTaiwan (Alishan area, Chiayi County) Official inTaiwan (recognized indigenous language) Vitalityseverely-endangered ISO 639-3tsu

Tsou (Cou) is one of the most endangered recognized Formosan languages of Taiwan, spoken in the Alishan mountain area of Chiayi County. Six vowel system (i, e, a, o, u plus high central ɯ). Highly elaborate focus system with four voices, marked on the verb. Famous for the historic Mayasvi tribal ceremony. Severely endangered with about 4,000 speakers, ~2,000 daily L1.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Tsou

Water

chumu

/tsumu/

Fire

poepe

/poepe/

Sun

hie

/hie/

Moon

yum'au

/jumʔau/

Mother

ino

/ino/

Father

amo

/amo/

Eat

bonu

/bonu/

Drink

'umnu

/ʔumnu/

Love

yainca

/jaintsa/

Heart

yofu

/jofu/

Tree

evi

/evi/

House

emoo

/emoo/

Dog

avo'u

/avoʔu/

Cat

ngiao

/ŋiao/

Hand

muu

/muu/

Eye

maso

/maso/

Hello

yokeoasu

/jokeoasu/

Thank you

aveoveoyu

/aveoveoju/

One

cone

/tsone/

Good

'aem'aemo

/ʔaemʔaemo/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian (Tsouic) languages

Meaning TsouPaiwanTetumThaoMandarToraja-Sa'danBunun
Water chumu /tsumu/ zaljum /zaɭum/ bee /beː/ nanum /nanum/ uai /uai/ uai /uai/ danum /danum/
Fire poepe /poepe/ sapuy /sapui/ ahi /ahi/ azpu /azpu/ api /api/ api /api/ sapuz /sapuz/
Sun hie /hie/ qadaw /qadaw/ loron /loɾon/ fitulha /fituʎa/ mata allo /mata alːo/ mata allo /mataʔalːo/ vali /vali/
Moon yum'au /jumʔau/ qiljas /qiɭas/ fulan /fulan/ lhmiat /ʎmiat/ bulang /bulaŋ/ bulan /bulan/ buan /buan/
Mother ino /ino/ kina /kina/ inan /inan/ ina /ina/ indo /indo/ indo /indo/ tina /tina/
Father amo /amo/ kama /kama/ aman /aman/ ama /ama/ ama /ama/ ambe /ambe/ tama /tama/
Eat bonu /bonu/ keman /kəman/ han /han/ kuman /kuman/ ma'ande /maʔande/ kumande /kumande/ maun /maun/
Drink 'umnu /ʔumnu/ temekel /təməkəl/ hemu /hemu/ naqayan /naqajan/ minung /minuŋ/ ma'iru /maʔiru/ muqun /muqun/
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