Bidayuh Bukar-Sadong
Bukar-Sadong Bidayuh
Austronesian (Land Dayak, Bidayuhic)
Bukar-Sadong is the largest Bidayuh (Land Dayak) variety, spoken inland from Kuching in Sarawak’s Serian Division. Like other Bidayuhic languages it has a small phoneme inventory but a famously rich set of final glottal stops and nasal codas; the Bukar-Sadong orthography developed by the Bidayuh Language Development Project serves as the basis for the unified school Bidayuh.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Bukar-Sadong Bidayuh
Water
piin
/piːn/
Fire
apui
/aˈpui/
Sun
biduh
/biˈduh/
Moon
bulan
/buˈlan/
Star
bitun
/bitun/
Mother
sindo
/sinˈdoʔ/
Father
samah
/saˈmah/
I
aku
/aku/
You
muh
/muh/
Name
ngaran
/ŋaran/
Eye
bateh
/baˈteh/
Hand
təŋən
/tə̆ˈŋən/
Heart
—
/—/
Love
—
/—/
Tree
kayuh
/kaˈjuh/
House
ramin
/raˈmin/
Dog
kaso
/kaˈsoʔ/
Cat
—
/—/
Eat
kuman
/kuˈman/
Drink
ŋinum
/ŋiˈnum/
One
isaʔ
/iˈsaʔ/
Two
duɔh
/duɔh/
Hello
—
/—/
Thank you
—
/—/
Good
biis
/biːs/
Sources
- Topping, Donald M. (1970) A Linguistic Analysis of Bukar Sadong. Sarawak Museum Journal.
- Rensch, Calvin R. et al. (2012) The Bidayuh Language: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. SIL.
- Glottolog: Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Land Dayak, Bidayuhic) languages
| Meaning | Bukar-Sadong Bidayuh | Kavalan | Proto-Austronesian | Old Malay | Babuza (Favorlang) | Makasae | Pazeh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | piin /piːn/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | *daNum /daNum/ | ayar /ajar/ | zalum /zalum/ | ira /ˈira/ | dalum /da.lum/ |
| Fire | apui /aˈpui/ | ramaz /raˈmaz/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ | api /api/ | apoi /apoi/ | ata /ˈata/ | hapuy /ha.puj/ |
| Sun | biduh /biˈduh/ | siban /siˈban/ | *waRi /waRi/ | matari /matari/ | — /—/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | rizax /ɾi.zax/ |
| Moon | bulan /buˈlan/ | buran /buˈran/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ | bulan /bulan/ | zilias /siliəs/ | uru /ˈuru/ | ilas /i.las/ |
| Star | bitun /bitun/ | bituqan /bituqan/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | botto /botːo/ | ipi /ipi/ | mintol /mintol/ |
| Mother | sindo /sinˈdoʔ/ | tina /ˈtina/ | *ina /ina/ | ibu /ibu/ | tina /tina/ | ina /ˈina/ | ina /i.na/ |
| Father | samah /saˈmah/ | tama /ˈtama/ | *ama /ama/ | bapa /bapa/ | tama /tama/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | aba /a.ba/ |
| I | aku /aku/ | aiku /aiku/ | *aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | ka-ina /kaina/ | ani /ani/ | yaku /jaku/ |
| You | muh /muh/ | aisu /aisu/ | *iSu /iSu/ | kamu /kamu/ | ijo /ijo/ | ai /ai/ | isiu /isiu/ |
| Name | ngaran /ŋaran/ | nangan /naŋan/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | naan /naːn/ | naran /naran/ | ngadan /ŋadan/ |
| Eye | bateh /baˈteh/ | mata /maˈta/ | *maCa /maCa/ | mata /mata/ | macha /matʃa/ | nana /ˈnana/ | daurik /da.u.ɾik/ |
| Hand | təŋən /tə̆ˈŋən/ | rima /riˈma/ | *lima /lima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | rima /rima/ | tana /ˈtana/ | rima /ɾi.ma/ |
| Heart | — /—/ | — /—/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ | hati /hati/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | baga /ba.ɡa/ |
| Love | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tree | kayuh /kaˈjuh/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | ate /ˈate/ | kahuy /ka.huj/ |
| House | ramin /raˈmin/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ | rumah /rumah/ | ruma /ruma/ | oma /ˈoma/ | xuma /xu.ma/ |
| Dog | kaso /kaˈsoʔ/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | *asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | asu /asu/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | wazu /wa.zu/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | — /—/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Eat | kuman /kuˈman/ | quman /quˈman/ | *kaen /kaen/ | makan /makan/ | maan /maːn/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | mekan /mə.kan/ |
| Drink | ŋinum /ŋiˈnum/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | *inum /inum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | mimaazip /mi.maː.zip/ |
| One | isaʔ /iˈsaʔ/ | issa /ˈissa/ | *isa /isa/ | sa /sa/ | nata /nata/ | u /ʔu/ | adang /a.daŋ/ |
| Two | duɔh /duɔh/ | zusa /zusa/ | *duSa /duSa/ | dua /dua/ | naroa /naroa/ | lolae /loˈlae/ | dusa /dusa/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | biis /biːs/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | baik /baik/ | — /—/ | rau /rau/ | — /—/ |
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