Basa Toraya
Toraja-Sa'dan
Austronesian (South Sulawesi, Toraja-Sa'dan)
Toraja-Sa'dan is the principal language of the Toraja people of highland South Sulawesi (Indonesia), with ~750K speakers in the Tana Toraja and North Toraja regencies. Famous worldwide for elaborate Aluk-Todolo funeral ceremonies (Rambu Solo' lasting up to a week), boat-shaped Tongkonan houses on tall stilts, and cliff-face hanging-burial galleries with tau-tau effigies. Belongs to the South Sulawesi branch of Austronesian alongside Buginese and Makassarese. Latin orthography; Bible translation completed 1996. Indonesian regional language status.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Toraja-Sa'dan
Water
uai
/uai/
Fire
api
/api/
Sun
mata allo
/mataʔalːo/
Moon
bulan
/bulan/
Star
bintoen
/bintɔɛn/
Mother
indo
/indo/
Father
ambe
/ambe/
I
aku
/aku/
You
iko
/iko/
Name
sanga
/saŋa/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hand
lima
/lima/
Heart
penaa
/penaː/
Love
ma'pa'iya
/maʔpaʔija/
Tree
kayu
/kaju/
House
banua
/banua/
Dog
asu
/asu/
Cat
serre
/serːe/
Eat
kumande
/kumande/
Drink
ma'iru
/maʔiru/
One
mesa
/mesa/
Two
dua
/dua/
Hello
tabe
/tabe/
Thank you
kurre sumanga'
/kurːe sumaŋaʔ/
Good
melo
/melo/
Computer
komputer
/komˈputər/
Sushi
sushi
/ˈsuʃi/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (South Sulawesi, Toraja-Sa'dan) languages
| Meaning | Toraja-Sa'dan | Mandar | Buginese | Ngaju | Iban | Tausug | Batak Angkola |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | uai /uai/ | uai /uai/ | wae /wae/ | danum /danum/ | ai /ai/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | aek /aek/ |
| Fire | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | apui /apui/ | api /api/ | kayu /kaju/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | mata allo /mataʔalːo/ | mata allo /mata alːo/ | mata esso /mata esːo/ | matanandau /matanandau/ | mata-ari /mataari/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulang /bulaŋ/ | uleng /uleŋ/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bintoen /bintɔɛn/ | bittoeng /bittoeŋ/ | wittoing /wittoeŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bituun /bituʔun/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Mother | indo /indo/ | indo /indo/ | indo /indo/ | indu /indu/ | indai /indai/ | inaꞌ /inaʔ/ | inang /inaŋ/ |
| Father | ambe /ambe/ | ama /ama/ | ambo /ambo/ | bapa /bapa/ | apai /apai/ | amaꞌ /amaʔ/ | amang /amaŋ/ |
| I | aku /aku/ | iyau /ijau/ | iyya' /ijːaʔ/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | au /au/ |
| You | iko /iko/ | io /iʔo/ | iko /iko/ | ikau /ikau/ | nuan /nuan/ | ikaw /ikaw/ | ho /ho/ |
| Name | sanga /saŋa/ | sanga /saŋa/ | aseng /asəŋ/ | aran /aran/ | nama /nama/ | ngan /ŋan/ | goar /goar/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mate /mate/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hand | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lengen /ləŋən/ | jari /dʒari/ | lima /lima/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Heart | penaa /penaː/ | ate /ate/ | ati /ati/ | atei /atei/ | ati /ati/ | pusuꞌ /pusuʔ/ | roha /roha/ |
| Love | ma'pa'iya /maʔpaʔija/ | mappinawa /mapːinawa/ | poji /podʒi/ | sinta /sinta/ | rinduai /rinduai/ | lasa /lasa/ | holong /holoŋ/ |
| Tree | kayu /kaju/ | kaju /kaju/ | aju /adʒu/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | kahuy /kahuj/ | hayu /haju/ |
| House | banua /banua/ | boyang /bojaŋ/ | bola /bola/ | huma /huma/ | rumah /rumah/ | bāy /baːj/ | bagas /baɡas/ |
| Dog | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | ukui /ukui/ | iruꞌ /iruʔ/ | asu /asu/ |
| Cat | serre /serːe/ | mio /mio/ | meong /meoŋ/ | posa /posa/ | mayau /majau/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ |
| Eat | kumande /kumande/ | ma'ande /maʔande/ | mandre /mandɾe/ | kuman /kuman/ | makai /makai/ | kaun /kaʔun/ | mangan /maŋan/ |
| Drink | ma'iru /maʔiru/ | minung /minuŋ/ | minung /minuŋ/ | mihop /mihop/ | ngirup /ŋirup/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ |
| One | mesa /mesa/ | mesa /mesa/ | séddi /sedːi/ | ije /ije/ | satu /satu/ | isa /isa/ | sada /sada/ |
| Two | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /duwa/ | due /ˈdue/ | dua /dua/ | duwa /duwa/ | dua /dua/ |
| Hello | tabe /tabe/ | salama' ma'ondong /salamaʔ maʔondoŋ/ | tabe' /tabeʔ/ | tabea /tabea/ | salam /salam/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | horas /horas/ |
| Thank you | kurre sumanga' /kurːe sumaŋaʔ/ | kuru' sumanga' /kuɾuʔ sumaŋaʔ/ | kurru sumange /kurːu sumaŋe/ | sahindai /sahindai/ | terima kasih /terima kasih/ | magsukul /maɡsukul/ | mauliate /mauliate/ |
| Good | melo /melo/ | macoa /matʃoa/ | makanja /makandʒa/ | bahalap /bahalap/ | manah /manah/ | marayaw /marajaw/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ |
| Computer | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /suˈsi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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