Onoñdaʼgegáʼ nigaweñoʼdeñʼ

Onondaga

Iroquoian (Northern, Five Nations)

FamilyIroquoian (Northern, Five Nations) Speakers~20 fluent + heritage learners ScriptLatin alphabet with diacritical marks (ogoneks, tildes, acute accents) CountriesUSA (Onondaga Nation Reservation, NY), Canada (Six Nations of the Grand River) Official inNo (the Onondaga Nation is sovereign and the language is used ceremonially in its governance and law; it is integral to religious and political life) Vitalitycritically endangered ISO 639-3ono

Onondaga (Onoñda’gegá’; ISO 639-3: ono) is a Northern Iroquoian language of the Onondaga Nation, one of the nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, and is used in central New York and at Six Nations of the Grand River in Ontario. Around 50 fluent speakers remain, most of them elders, so the language is critically endangered, although community members are learning it as a second language. Onondaga is polysynthetic and verb-centered: verbs carry pronominal prefixes and aspect suffixes and may incorporate noun roots, while constituent order is comparatively flexible. Community Latin orthographies use apostrophes for glottal stops, ñ for nasalization, middle dots for vowel length, and acute accents for stress. The language remains central to ceremony, law, and public life; the Onondaga Nation opened a dedicated Language Center in 2011, and classes, recordings, dictionaries, and immersion work strengthen transmission.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Onondaga

Water

ohnekano:s

/ohnekanoːs/

Fire

oji:staʼ

/odʒiːstaʔ/

Sun

gaeh'kwa

/ɡaehʔkwa/

Moon

gaeh'kwa enitha

/ɡaehʔkwa enitha/

Star

otsistoʼgwaʼ

/odʒistoʔɡwaʔ/

Mother

ekno:ha'

/eknoːhaʔ/

Father

hak'no:ha'

/hakʔnoːhaʔ/

I

/iʔ/

You

íseʼ

/iseʔ/

Name

yaʼts

/jaʔts/

Eye

oga:tha'

/oɡaːtʰaʔ/

Hand

onénǫhsa'

/onenõhsaʔ/

Heart

awé:ri

/aweːri/

Love

gaonihsdá:wę

/ɡaonihsdaːwɛ̃/

Tree

ga:enda'

/ɡaːendaʔ/

House

ganǫhsoht

/ɡanõhsoht/

Dog

só:wa:s

/soːwaːs/

Cat

takó:s

/takoːs/

Eat

ekho:ne'

/ekʰoːneʔ/

Drink

ehnega:i'ron

/ehneɡaːiʔron/

One

ska:t

/skaːt/

Two

tékni

/teɡni/

Hello

sgë:nǫʼ

/skẽːnõʔ/

Thank you

nya:wę'

/njaːwɛ̃ʔ/

Good

oyá:nre

/ojaːnre/

Words compared

Compared with related Iroquoian (Northern, Five Nations) languages

Meaning OnondagaCayugaMohawkTuscaroraOneidaWestern Neo-AramaicMagahi
Water ohnekano:s /ohnekanoːs/ ohnekanos /ohnekanos/ ohnekanos /ohnekanos/ awę: /awɛ̃ː/ otiʔkwah /otiʔkwah/ ܡܘܝܐ /moːja/ पानी /paːni/
Fire oji:staʼ /odʒiːstaʔ/ ojistaʼ /odʒistaʔ/ otsénhaʼ /odzʌ̃haʔ/ ujihst /udʒihst/ onaʔ /onaʔ/ ܐܫܬܐ /iʃtaː/ आग /aːɡ/
Sun gaeh'kwa /ɡaehʔkwa/ gaehkwa /ɡaehkwa/ karahkwa /karahkwa/ hęhts /hɛ̃hts/ karahkwah /karahkwah/ ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ सूरज /suːraj/
Moon gaeh'kwa enitha /ɡaehʔkwa enitha/ sǫi:ya /sõːja/ ehníta /ehˈniːta/ hęhts uri:węh /hɛ̃hts uɾiːwɛ̃h/ tsikʌ /tsikʌ/ ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ चान /tʃaːn/
Star otsistoʼgwaʼ /odʒistoʔɡwaʔ/ otsihsdaʔ /otsihsdaʔ/ otsistohkwaʔ /otsistohkwaʔ/ utsíhstaʔ /utsíhstaʔ/ otsistohkwaʼ /odʒistohkwaʔ/ ܟܘܟܒܐ /kawkba/ तारा /taːraː/
Mother ekno:ha' /eknoːhaʔ/ agniha /aɡniha/ isté:ha /isteːha/ raknų:hak /ɾaknũːhak/ aknulha /aknulha/ ܐܡܐ /emaː/ माय /maːj/
Father hak'no:ha' /hakʔnoːhaʔ/ ha'nih /haʔnih/ ranihá /raniha/ rakhnih /ɾakhnih/ haʔnih /haʔnih/ ܒܒܐ /babːaː/ बाबू /baːbuː/
I /iʔ/ iːʔ /iːʔ/ í:'i /íːʔi/ íːʔ /iːʔ/ iʔí /iˈʔi/ ܐܢܐ /ana/ हम /ɦəm/
Page 1/4

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.