Ómagyar

Old Hungarian

Uralic (Finno-Ugric, Hungarian — historical stage of modern Hungarian hu) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyUralic (Finno-Ugric, Hungarian — historical stage of modern Hungarian hu) SpeakersExtinct (~9th-15th c.; ancestor of modern Hungarian) ScriptLatin CountriesHistorical: Hungary Official inNo (extinct; modern Hungarian in original territory) Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3ohu

Old Hungarian (Ómagyar) is the medieval stage of Hungarian, spanning ~9th-15th centuries from the Magyar conquest of the Pannonian Basin (895-907) through the Hungarian Renaissance. The Funeral Sermon and Prayer (Halotti beszéd és könyörgés, 1192-1195) is the oldest surviving complete Hungarian text and the oldest surviving coherent text in the entire Finno-Ugric (Uralic) family. The Old Hungarian Mary Lament (Ómagyar Mária-siralom, ~1300) is the oldest surviving Hungarian poem. Old Hungarian preserves classical Finno-Ugric features: vowel harmony (front/back), agglutinative case suffixes (~14 cases), possessive suffixes, and lacks grammatical gender. Phonological changes from Old to Modern Hungarian include simplification of long vowels and palatalization of consonant clusters.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Old Hungarian

Water

vȳz

/viːz/

Fire

tȳz

/tyːz/

Sun

nȁp

/nɒp/

Moon

hȍld

/hold/

Star

csillag

/ˈtʃillaɡ/

Mother

anya

/ɒɲɒ/

Father

āpá

/aːpaː/

I

én

/eːn/

You

te

/te/

Name

név

/neːv/

Eye

szèm

/sɛm/

Hand

kéz

/keːz/

Heart

szīw

/siːw/

Love

szèrēlm

/sɛreːlm/

Tree

/fɒ/

House

hāz

/haːz/

Dog

eb

/ɛb/

Cat

macska

/mɒtʃkɒ/

Eat

ènni

/ɛnːi/

Drink

ìnni

/inːi/

One

egy

/ɛɟ/

Two

kettő

/ˈketːøː/

Hello

ìstèn hozott

/iʃtɛn hozotː/

Thank you

kȍszȍnèm

/køsønɛm/

Good

jȍw

/joːw/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Uralic (Finno-Ugric, Hungarian — historical stage of modern Hungarian hu) languages

Meaning Old HungarianHungarianSlovenianIrulaKurukhBrahuiLule Sámi
Water vȳz /viːz/ víz /viːz/ voda /ˈʋɔːda/ nīr /niːɾ/ अम्म /amm/ دیر /diːɾ/ tjáhtje /tʃaːhtje/
Fire tȳz /tyːz/ tűz /tyːz/ ogenj /oːɡənj/ /tiː/ चिच /tʃitʃ/ کاہا /kaha/ dålla /tolːa/
Sun nȁp /nɒp/ nap /nɒp/ sonce /soːntsɛ/ čūriyen /tʃuːɾijen/ बेरी /beɾiː/ دے /deː/ biejvve /pie̯jvːe/
Moon hȍld /hold/ hold /hold/ luna /luːna/ niLā /niɭaː/ चांदो /tʃaːndoː/ ماہ /mah/ mánno /maːnːo/
Star csillag /ˈtʃillaɡ/ csillag /ˈtʃillɒɡ/ zvezda /ˈzʋeːzda/ naTčattiram /naʈtʃatːiɾam/ बिनको /binkoː/ استار /isˈtaːr/ náste /ˈnaːste/
Mother anya /ɒɲɒ/ anya /ɒɲɒ/ mati /maːti/ ammā /amːaː/ अयो /ajoː/ لمّا /lumːaː/ iedne /iedne/
Father āpá /aːpaː/ apa /ɒpɒ/ oče /oːtʃɛ/ ayyā /ajːaː/ बाबा /baːbaː/ باوا /baːwaː/ áhttje /aːhtːje/
I én /eːn/ én /eːn/ jaz /jaːs/ nānu /naːnu/ एन /eːn/ ای /iː/ mån /mɔn/
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