aksara cam

Old Cham

Indo-European (Romance, Gallo-Romance, Occitano-Romance) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyIndo-European (Romance, Gallo-Romance, Occitano-Romance) Speakers~200K (active L1); ~2M (some competence) ScriptLatin CountriesFrance Official inSpain Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3oci

Occitan (lenga d'òc, occitan) is the historic Romance language of southern France, parts of Italy's Occitan Valleys and Spain's Val d'Aran (where the Aranese variety is co-official). Six major dialects: Gascon, Languedocien, Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-alpin. Occitan was the prestige literary medium of medieval Europe — the troubadours (12th-13th c., Bertran de Born, Bernart de Ventadorn) created the first major lyric poetry in a European vernacular and shaped European notions of courtly love. Suppressed by France's centralizing 1539 Villers-Cotterêts ordinance and 19th-century universal French schooling; now critically endangered with ~200K active L1 speakers.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Old Cham

Water

ie

/ʔiə/

Fire

apuy

/ʔapuj/

Sun

aṇdaw

/ʔadaw/

Moon

bulan

/bulan/

Mother

amɛ

/amɛ/

Father

amaŋ

/amaŋ/

Eat

bɔh

/bɔh/

Drink

mɛnum

/mɛnum/

Love

klɛn

/klɛn/

Heart

hatai

/hatai/

Tree

phuəŋ

/pʰuəŋ/

House

sɔŋ

/sɔŋ/

Dog

asɔ

/asɔ/

Cat

mɛw

/mɛw/

Hand

taŋin

/taŋin/

Eye

mata

/mata/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

One

sa

/sa/

Good

siam

/siam/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Romance, Gallo-Romance, Occitano-Romance) languages

Meaning Old ChamOld MalayChamBatak AngkolaIndonesianMalayBanjar
Water ie /ʔiə/ ayar /ajar/ ia /ja/ aek /aek/ air /ˈa.ir/ air /ˈa.ir/ banyu /baɲu/
Fire apuy /ʔapuj/ api /api/ apuei /apuei/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/
Sun aṇdaw /ʔadaw/ matari /matari/ aditiak /aditiak/ ari /ari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/
Moon bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bilan /bilan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/
Mother amɛ /amɛ/ ibu /ibu/ mai /mai/ inang /inaŋ/ ibu /ibu/ ibu /ibu/ uma /uma/
Father amaŋ /amaŋ/ bapa /bapa/ amaa /amaː/ amang /amaŋ/ ayah /ajah/ ayah /ajah/ abah /abah/
Eat bɔh /bɔh/ makan /makan/ huak /huak/ mangan /maŋan/ makan /makan/ makan /makan/ makan /makan/
Drink mɛnum /mɛnum/ minum /minum/ maum /maum/ minum /minum/ minum /minum/ minum /minum/ nginum /ŋinum/
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