aksara cam
Old Cham
Indo-European (Romance, Gallo-Romance, Occitano-Romance) · historical / hidden variety
Occitan (lenga d'òc, occitan) is the historic Romance language of southern France, parts of Italy's Occitan Valleys and Spain's Val d'Aran (where the Aranese variety is co-official). Six major dialects: Gascon, Languedocien, Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-alpin. Occitan was the prestige literary medium of medieval Europe — the troubadours (12th-13th c., Bertran de Born, Bernart de Ventadorn) created the first major lyric poetry in a European vernacular and shaped European notions of courtly love. Suppressed by France's centralizing 1539 Villers-Cotterêts ordinance and 19th-century universal French schooling; now critically endangered with ~200K active L1 speakers.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Old Cham
Water
ie
/ʔiə/
Fire
apuy
/ʔapuj/
Sun
aṇdaw
/ʔadaw/
Moon
bulan
/bulan/
Mother
amɛ
/amɛ/
Father
amaŋ
/amaŋ/
Eat
bɔh
/bɔh/
Drink
mɛnum
/mɛnum/
Love
klɛn
/klɛn/
Heart
hatai
/hatai/
Tree
phuəŋ
/pʰuəŋ/
House
sɔŋ
/sɔŋ/
Dog
asɔ
/asɔ/
Cat
mɛw
/mɛw/
Hand
taŋin
/taŋin/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hello
—
/—/
Thank you
—
/—/
One
sa
/sa/
Good
siam
/siam/
Sources
- Ethnologue: oci
- Anglade (1921) Grammaire de l'ancien provençal
- Congrès Permanent de la Lenga Occitana
Words compared
Compared with related Indo-European (Romance, Gallo-Romance, Occitano-Romance) languages
| Meaning | Old Cham | Old Malay | Cham | Batak Angkola | Indonesian | Malay | Banjar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ie /ʔiə/ | ayar /ajar/ | ia /ja/ | aek /aek/ | air /ˈa.ir/ | air /ˈa.ir/ | banyu /baɲu/ |
| Fire | apuy /ʔapuj/ | api /api/ | apuei /apuei/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | aṇdaw /ʔadaw/ | matari /matari/ | aditiak /aditiak/ | ari /ari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bilan /bilan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Mother | amɛ /amɛ/ | ibu /ibu/ | mai /mai/ | inang /inaŋ/ | ibu /ibu/ | ibu /ibu/ | uma /uma/ |
| Father | amaŋ /amaŋ/ | bapa /bapa/ | amaa /amaː/ | amang /amaŋ/ | ayah /ajah/ | ayah /ajah/ | abah /abah/ |
| Eat | bɔh /bɔh/ | makan /makan/ | huak /huak/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | mɛnum /mɛnum/ | minum /minum/ | maum /maum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ |
| Love | klɛn /klɛn/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | gauh /ɡauh/ | holong /holoŋ/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Heart | hatai /hatai/ | hati /hati/ | hatai /hatai/ | roha /roha/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ |
| Tree | phuəŋ /pʰuəŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayuw /kajuv/ | hayu /haju/ | pohon /pohon/ | pokok /pokoʔ/ | batang /bataŋ/ |
| House | sɔŋ /sɔŋ/ | rumah /rumah/ | thang /tʰaŋ/ | bagas /baɡas/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Dog | asɔ /asɔ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | athuw /atʰuv/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | mɛw /mɛw/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | meuw /meuv/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ |
| Hand | taŋin /taŋin/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangin /taŋin/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | matá /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | salam /salam/ | horas /horas/ | halo /ˈhalo/ | hai /hai/ | salam /salam/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasiʔ/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ |
| One | sa /sa/ | sa /sa/ | tha /tʰa/ | sada /sada/ | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ | asa /asa/ |
| Good | siam /siam/ | baik /baik/ | siam /siam/ | denggan /deŋːan/ | baik /baiʔ/ | baik /baiʔ/ | bagus /baɡus/ |
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