Thok Nath

Nuer

Nilo-Saharan (Western Nilotic)

FamilyNilo-Saharan (Western Nilotic) Speakers~1.5M ScriptLatin (with diacritics) CountriesSouth Sudan, Ethiopia Official inNo (recognized regional) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3nus

Nuer (Thok Nath) is a Western Nilotic Nilo-Saharan language with ~1.5M speakers in South Sudan and adjacent Ethiopia (Gambela). Closely related to Dinka — together forming the Dinka-Nuer cluster — Nuer and Dinka share much of their core vocabulary and basic grammar, and speakers can often understand each other to varying degrees. Nuer has notable vowel-length distinctions (short, long, overlong) and three voice qualities (modal, breathy, creaky). Significant Nuer diaspora communities exist in the United States (Minneapolis, Omaha) following the Sudanese civil wars. Latin script with diacritics; the Nuer Bible was translated in the early 20th century.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Nuer

Water

pi

/pi/

Fire

mäc

/mɛtʃ/

Sun

caŋ

/tʃaŋ/

Moon

pay

/paj/

Star

räl

/ral/

Mother

maar

/maːr/

Father

gwaar

/ɡwaːr/

I

ɣän

/ɣan/

You

jin

/jin/

Name

ciot

/tɕɔːt/

Eye

waŋ

/waŋ/

Hand

tet

/tet/

Heart

lëŋ

/lɛŋ/

Love

nhok

/nok/

Tree

jïath

/dʒiat̪/

House

dööl

/dɔːl/

Dog

jiek

/dʒiek/

Cat

gec

/ɡetʃ/

Eat

cam

/tʃam/

Drink

math

/mat̪/

One

kɛl

/kɛl/

Two

rew

/rɛw/

Hello

malɛ

/malɛ/

Thank you

lɛrnyä

/lɛɾɲa/

Good

gɔaa

/ɡɔaː/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Nilo-Saharan (Western Nilotic) languages

Meaning NuerAnuakLuoLangoAcholiDinkaKhmu
Water pi /pi/ pii /piː/ pi /pi/ pii /piː/ pii /piː/ piu /piu/ ɔm /ʔɔm/
Fire mäc /mɛtʃ/ mac /matʃ/ mach /matʃ/ mac /matʃ/ mac /matʃ/ mac /matʃ/ ʔus /ʔus/
Sun caŋ /tʃaŋ/ ceeŋ /tʃeːŋ/ chieng' /tʃieŋ/ ceŋ /tʃeŋ/ ceng /tʃeŋ/ akɔ̈l /akɔl/ maŋ /maŋ/
Moon pay /paj/ dwee /dweː/ dwe /dwe/ dwe /dwe/ dwe /dwe/ pɛɛi /pɛːi/ kee /keː/
Star räl /ral/ lɛɛr /lɛːr/ sulwe /sulwe/ lakalatwe /lakalatwe/ lakalatwe /lakalatwe/ kuel /kwɛl/ sənʔaang /sənʔaːŋ/
Mother maar /maːr/ min /min/ mama /mama/ mego /meɡo/ mego /meɡo/ man /man/ mɔɔʔ /mɔːʔ/
Father gwaar /ɡwaːr/ waad /waːd/ baba /baba/ papo /papo/ baba /baba/ wun /wun/ ʔaaʔ /ʔaːʔ/
I ɣän /ɣan/ än /an/ an /an/ an /an/ an /an/ ɣɛn /ɣɛn/ /ʔoʔ/
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