Dholuo

Luo

Nilo-Saharan (Western Nilotic)

FamilyNilo-Saharan (Western Nilotic) Speakers~4M ScriptLatin CountriesKenya, Tanzania Official inNo (recognized) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3luo

Luo (Dholuo) is the language of the Luo people around Lake Victoria, the third-largest Kenyan ethnic group (after Kikuyu and Luhya), with ~4M speakers in western Kenya (Nyanza) and northwestern Tanzania (Mara). Part of the Western Nilotic Nilo-Saharan family, related to Acholi, Lango, Alur, and the Luo of South Sudan (Anyuak, Shilluk). Has tone, vowel harmony based on ATR (advanced tongue root), and a four-way perfective/imperfective aspectual contrast unusual among Nilo-Saharan languages. Famous Luo speakers include US President Barack Obama (his father's family) and Nobel laureate Wangari Maathai (Kenyan environmentalist).

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Luo

Water

pi

/pi/

Fire

mach

/matʃ/

Sun

chieng'

/tʃieŋ/

Moon

dwe

/dwe/

Mother

mama

/mama/

Father

baba

/baba/

Eat

chiemo

/tʃiemo/

Drink

madho

/maðo/

Love

hera

/hera/

Heart

chuny

/tʃuɲ/

Tree

yath

/jaθ/

House

ot

/ot/

Dog

guok

/ɡuok/

Cat

paka

/paka/

Hand

lwedo

/lwedo/

Eye

wang'

/waŋ/

Hello

misawa

/misawa/

Thank you

erokamano

/erokamano/

One

achiel

/atʃiel/

Good

maber

/maber/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Nilo-Saharan (Western Nilotic) languages

Meaning LuoAcholiLangoAnuakMachameShambalaNuer
Water pi /pi/ pii /piː/ pii /piː/ pii /piː/ mringa /mɾiŋɡa/ mazi /mazi/ pi /pi/
Fire mach /matʃ/ mac /matʃ/ mac /matʃ/ mac /matʃ/ mòò /moːʔ/ moto /moto/ mäc /mɛtʃ/
Sun chieng' /tʃieŋ/ ceng /tʃeŋ/ ceŋ /tʃeŋ/ ceeŋ /tʃeːŋ/ ìsùwà /isuwa/ zuwa /zuwa/ caŋ /tʃaŋ/
Moon dwe /dwe/ dwe /dwe/ dwe /dwe/ dwee /dweː/ mwezi /mwezi/ mwezi /mwezi/ pay /paj/
Mother mama /mama/ mego /meɡo/ mego /meɡo/ min /min/ mama /mama/ mama /mama/ maar /maːr/
Father baba /baba/ baba /baba/ papo /papo/ waad /waːd/ baba /baba/ baba /baba/ gwaar /ɡwaːr/
Eat chiemo /tʃiemo/ cam /tʃam/ camo /tʃamo/ cam /tʃam/ ìlya /iʎa/ kuya /kuja/ cam /tʃam/
Drink madho /maðo/ mat /mat/ matho /matʰo/ maath /maːt̪/ ìnyo /iɲo/ kunywa /kuɲwa/ math /mat̪/
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