Kanuri

Nilo-Saharan (Saharan)

FamilyNilo-Saharan (Saharan) Speakers~9.6M ScriptLatin, Arabic (Ajami) CountriesNigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Chad, Sudan Official inNo (recognized in Nigeria) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3kau

Kanuri is the language of the Kanuri people of the Lake Chad basin, descended from the medieval Kanem-Bornu empire (c. 700–1900 CE) — one of the largest and longest-lived African polities. Spoken by ~9.6M people across Nigeria (Borno State), Niger, Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, and Libya. One of the largest Nilo-Saharan languages, Kanuri is part of the Saharan branch (with Tubu and Zaghawa). Has a 6-tone system and implosive consonants ɓ, ɗ, ʄ — typical Nilo-Saharan features. Historically written in Ajami (Arabic-derived script) for Islamic religious contexts; today also Latin script. The Kanembu liturgical Kanuri preserves classical religious vocabulary.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Kanuri

Water

nji

/ndʒi/

Fire

kannu

/kanːu/

Sun

kiŋal

/kiŋal/

Moon

kəmbal

/kəmbal/

Star

shílówù

/ʃilowu/

Mother

ya

/ja/

Father

aba

/aba/

I

wu

/wu/

You

nyi

/ɲi/

Name

/tʃu/

Eye

shim

/ʃim/

Hand

musko

/musko/

Heart

karkə

/karkə/

Love

nem-shanu

/nem ʃanu/

Tree

kasua

/kasua/

House

fato

/fato/

Dog

keri

/keri/

Cat

yaba

/jaba/

Eat

bayem

/bajem/

Drink

simem

/simem/

One

tilo

/tilo/

Two

ndi

/ndi/

Hello

lafiya

/lafija/

Thank you

gushibe

/ɡuʃibe/

Good

ngewu

/ŋɡewu/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Nilo-Saharan (Saharan) languages

Meaning KanuriXaasongaxangoEastern ManinkaWestern ManinkakanKita ManinkakanHiri MotuLuo
Water nji /ndʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ranu /ɾanu/ pi /pi/
Fire kannu /kanːu/ tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ lahi /lahi/ mach /matʃ/
Sun kiŋal /kiŋal/ tile /tile/ tile /tile/ tile /tile/ tle /tle/ dina /dina/ chieng' /tʃieŋ/
Moon kəmbal /kəmbal/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ hua /hua/ dwe /dwe/
Star shílówù /ʃilowu/ lolo /lolo/ lolo /lolo/ lolo /lolo/ lolo /lolo/ hisiu /hisiu/ sulwe /sulwe/
Mother ya /ja/ ba /ba/ ba /ba/ na /na/ ba /ba/ sina /sina/ mama /mama/
Father aba /aba/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/ tama /tama/ baba /baba/
I wu /wu/ ne /ne/ ne /ne/ ne /ne/ ne /ne/ lau /lau/ an /an/
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