Denaakkʼe

Koyukon

Na-Dené (Athabaskan, Northern, Central Alaska)

FamilyNa-Dené (Athabaskan, Northern, Central Alaska) Speakers~65 (severely endangered) ScriptLatin (Doyon-Tanana 1972 standard) CountriesUSA (Alaska — central interior, along the Yukon, Koyukuk, and Tanana rivers) Official inAlaska (recognized indigenous, 2014) Vitalityseverely endangered ISO 639-3koy

Koyukon (Denaakkʼe, "people's words") is the largest Northern Athabaskan language of central interior Alaska, spoken along the Yukon, Koyukuk, and Tanana rivers. The Koyukon people are traditional fisher-hunters who developed an extraordinarily detailed indigenous knowledge of the boreal ecosystem — documented in Richard K. Nelson's anthropological classic "Make Prayers to the Raven" (1983). Tonal with three registers, complex prefix-based verb morphology with classifier stems. Severely endangered; Alaska Native Language Center programs work toward revitalization.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Koyukon

Water

too

/toː/

Fire

konh

/konh/

Sun

so

/so/

Moon

oolts'enh

/ooltsʼenh/

Star

so

/sɔ/

Mother

enaa

/enaː/

Father

etaa

/etaː/

I

see

/siː/

You

nee

/niː/

Name

-zaakkʼeʼ

/zàːkʼeʔ/

Eye

nełtonh

/neɬtonh/

Hand

ela

/ela/

Heart

-dzaaya'

/tsæːjəʔ/

Love

k'oonejee

/kʼooneʒeː/

Tree

k'eyh

/kʼejh/

House

kkun

/kːun/

Dog

łeek

/ɬeːk/

Cat

dotonh

/dotonh/

Eat

ghen

/ɣen/

Drink

don

/don/

One

łeek'eyh

/ɬeːkʼejh/

Two

netaakkʼa

/netàːkʼʌ/

Hello

enaa basee'

/enaː baseːʔ/

Thank you

baasee'

/baːseːʔ/

Good

nezoonh

/nezoːnh/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Na-Dené (Athabaskan, Northern, Central Alaska) languages

Meaning KoyukonChipewyanCarrierWelshIrulaWestern ApacheSlovenian
Water too /toː/ tu /tu/ tu /tu/ dŵr /duːr/ nīr /niːɾ/ tu /tu/ voda /ˈʋɔːda/
Fire konh /konh/ kʼón /kʼón/ kwen /kʷen/ tân /tɑːn/ /tiː/ kǫʼ /kṍʔ/ ogenj /oːɡənj/
Sun so /so/ sa /sa/ sa /sa/ haul /haɨl/ čūriyen /tʃuːɾijen/ shándaʼá /ʃándaːʔá/ sonce /soːntsɛ/
Moon oolts'enh /ooltsʼenh/ hadelyi /haðeli/ sa-tlhaeh /sa tɬaeh/ lleuad /ɬɛɨ̯ad/ niLā /niɭaː/ tłʼéʼsanaaʼái /tɬʔeʔsanaːʔai/ luna /luːna/
Star so /sɔ/ thën /θən/ sun /sən/ seren /ˈsɛrɛn/ naTčattiram /naʈtʃatːiɾam/ sǫʼs /sṍːs/ zvezda /ˈzʋeːzda/
Mother enaa /enaː/ ená /ena/ oo /oː/ mam /mam/ ammā /amːaː/ shimá /ʃima/ mati /maːti/
Father etaa /etaː/ etá /eta/ abe /abe/ tad /tɑːd/ ayyā /ajːaː/ shitaa /ʃitaː/ oče /oːtʃɛ/
I see /siː/ si /si/ si /si/ fi /viː/ nānu /naːnu/ shí /ʃí/ jaz /jaːs/
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